Il recupero di una componente del sistema territorio : torri castelli fortezze nel Mezzogiorno d'Italia

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910256859703321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Napoli : Università degli studi-Dipartimento di pianificazione e scienza del territorio, 1988
• Descrizione fisica: 380 p. : ill. ; 25 cm
• Collana: Saggi monografici ; 1
• Disciplina: 725.1809457
• Locazione: DINST
• Collocazione: DEP 15; DEP 16
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Italiano
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: In testa al front.: Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche; Istituto di pianificazione e gestione del territorio, IPIGET, Napoli.

Analysis of biological data [[electronic resource] ] : a soft computing approach / / editors, Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay, Ujjwal Maulik, Jason T.L. Wang

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910451542303321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Singapore ; ; Hong Kong, : World Scientific, c2007
• ISBN: 1-281-91864-4; 9786611918644; 981-270-889-8
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (352 p.)
• Collana: Science, engineering, and biology informatics ; ; v. 3
• Altri autori (Persone): BandyopadhyaySanghamitra <1968->; MaulikUjjwal; WangJason T. L
• Disciplina: 570.28563
• Soggetti: Bioinformatics; Soft computing; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: CONTENTS; Preface; Part I OVERVIEW; Chapter 1 Bioinformatics: Mining the Massive Data from High Throughput Genomics Experiments Haixu Tang and Sun Kim; 1 Introduction; 2 Recent Development of Classical Topics; 2.1 Sequence alignment; 2.2 Genome sequencing and fragment assembly; 2.3 Gene annotation; 2.4 RNA folding; 2.5 Motif finding; 2.6 Protein structure prediction; 3 Emerging Topics from New Genome Technologies; 3.1 Comparative genomics: beyond genome comparison; 3.2 Pathway reconstruction; 3.3 Microarray analysis; 3.4 Proteomics; 3.5 Protein-protein interaction; 4 Conclusion; AcknowledgementReferences; Chapter 2 An Introduction to Soft Computing Amit Konar and Swagatam Das; 1 Classical AI and its Pitfalls; 2 What is Soft Computing?; 3 Fundamental Components of Soft Computing; 3.1 Fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic; 3.2 Neural networks; 3.3 Genetic algorithms; 3.4 Belief networks; 4 Synergism in Soft Computing; 4.1 Neuro-fuzzy synergism; 4.2 Neuro-GA synergism; 4.3 Fuzzy-GA synergism; 4.4 Neuro-belief network synergism; 4.5 GA-; belief network synergism; 4.6 Neuro-fuzzy-GA synergism; 5 Some Emerging Areas of Soft Computing; 5.1 Artificial life; 5.2 Particle swarm optimization (PSO)5.3 Artificial immune system; 5.4 Rough sets and granular computing; 5.5 Chaos theory; 5.6 Ant colony systems (ACS); 6 Summary; References; Part II BIOLOGICAL SEQUENCE AND STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; Chapter 3 Reconstructing Phylogenies with Memetic Algorithms and Branch-and-Bound José E. Gallardo, Carlos Cotta and Antonio J. Fernández; 1 Introduction; 2 A Crash Introduction to Phylogenetic Inference; 3 Evolutionary Algorithms for the Phylogeny Problem; 4 A BnB Algorithm for Phylogenetic Inference; 5 A Memetic Algorithm for Phylogenetic Inference; 6 A Hybrid Algorithm7 Experimental Results; 7.1 Experimental setting; 7.2 Sensitivity analysis on the hybrid algorithm; 7.3 Analysis of results; 8 Conclusions; Acknowledgment; References; Chapter 4 Classification ofRNASequences with Support Vector Machines Jason T. L. Wang and Xiaoming Wu; 1 Introduction; 2 Count Kernels and Marginalized Count Kernels; 2.1 RNA sequences with known secondary structures; 2.2 RNA sequences with unknown secondary structures; 3 Kernel Based on Labeled Dual Graphs; 3.1 Labeled dual graphs; 3.2 Marginalized kernel for labeled dual graphs; 4 A New Kernel; 4.1 Extracting features for global structural information4.2 Extracting features for local structural information; 5 Experiments and Results; 5.1 Data and parameters; 5.2 Results; 6 Conclusion; Acknowledgment; References; Chapter 5 Beyond String Algorithms: Protein Sequence Analysis using Wavelet Transforms Arun Krishnan and Kuo-Bin Li; 1 Introduction; 1.1 String algorithms; 1.2 Sequence analysis; 1.3 Wavelet transform; 2 Motif Searching; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Methods; 2.3 Results; 2.4 Allergenicity prediction; 3 Transmembrane Helix Region (HTM) Prediction; 4 Hydrophobic Cores; 5 Protein Repeat Motifs
• Sommario/riassunto: Bioinformatics, a field devoted to the interpretation and analysis of biological data using computational techniques, has evolved tremendously in recent years due to the explosive growth of biological information generated by the scientific community. Soft computing is a consortium of methodologies that work synergistically and provides, in one form or another, flexible information processing capabilities for handling real-life ambiguous situations. Several research articles dealing with the application of soft computing tools to bioinformatics have been published in the recent past; however,

Distillation : Principles and Practice

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910555001503321
• Autore: Stichlmair Johann G
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Newark : , : American Institute of Chemical Engineers, , 2021; ©2021
• ISBN: 1-5231-4336-3; 1-119-41468-7; 1-119-41469-5; 1-119-41467-9
• Edizione: [2nd ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (685 pages)
• Altri autori (Persone): KleinHarald; RehfeldtSebastian
• Disciplina: 660/.28425
• Soggetti: Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Nomenclature -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Principle of Distillation Separation -- 1.2 Historical -- 2 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium -- 2.1 Basic Thermodynamic Correlations -- 2.1.1 Measures of Concentration -- 2.1.2 Equations of State (EOS) -- 2.1.3 Molar Mixing and Partial Molar State Variables -- 2.1.4 Saturation Vapor Pressure and Boiling Temperature of Pure Components -- 2.1.5 Fundamental Equation and the Chemical Potential -- 2.1.6 Gibbs-Duhem Equation and Gibbs-Helmholtz Equation -- 2.2 Calculation of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium in Mixtures -- 2.2.1 Basic Equilibrium Conditions -- 2.2.2 Gibbs Phase Rule -- 2.2.3 Correlations for the Chemical Potential -- 2.2.4 Calculating Activity Coefficients with the Molar Excess Free Energy -- 2.2.5 Thermodynamic Consistency Check of Molar Excess Free Energy and Activity Coefficients -- 2.2.6 Iso-fugacity Condition -- 2.2.7 Fugacity of the Liquid Phase -- 2.2.8 Fugacity of the Vapor Phase -- 2.2.9 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Using an Equation of St -- 2.2.10 Fugacity of Pure Liquid as Standard Fugacity: Raoult's Law -- 2.2.11 Fugacity of Infinitely Diluted Component as Standard Fugacity: Henry's Law -- 2.2.12 Correlations Describing the Molar Excess Free Energy ; and Activity Coefficients -- 2.2.13 Using Experimental Data of Binary Mixtures for Correlations Describing the Molar Excess Free Energy and Activity Coefficients -- 2.2.14 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Ratio of Mixtures -- 2.2.15 Relative Volatility of Mixtures -- 2.2.16 Boiling Condition of Liquid Mixtures -- 2.2.17 Condensation (Dew Point) Condition of Vapor Mixtures -- 2.3 Binary Mixtures and Phase Diagrams -- 2.3.1 Boiling Curve Correlation -- 2.3.2 Condensation (Dew Point) Curve Correlation -- 2.3.3 (p, x, y)-Diagram -- 2.3.4 (T, x, y)-Diagram -- 2.3.5 McCabe-Thiele Diagram.; 2.3.6 Boiling and Condensation Behavior of Binary Mixtures -- 2.3.7 General Aspects of Azeotropic Mixtures -- 2.3.8 Limiting Cases of Binary Mi -- 2.4 Ternary Mixtures -- 2.4.1 Boiling and Condensation Conditions of Ternary Mixtures -- 2.4.2 Triangular Diagrams -- 2.4.3 Boiling Surfaces -- 2.4.4 Condensation Surfaces -- 2.4.5 Derivation of Distillation Lines -- 2.4.6 Examples for Distillation Lines -- 3 Single-Stage Distillation and Condensation -- 3.1 Continuous Closed Distillation and Condensation -- 3.1.1 Closed Distillation of Binary Mixtures -- 3.1.2 Closed Distillation of Multicomponent Mixtures -- 3.2 Batchwise Open Distillation and Open Condensation -- 3.2.1 Binary Mixtures -- 3.2.2 Ternary Mixtures -- 3.2.3 Multicomponent Mixtures -- 3.3 Semi-continuous Single-Stage Distillation -- 3.3.1 Semi-continuous Single-Stage Distillation of Binary Mixtures -- 4 Multistage Continuous Distillation (Rectification) -- 4.1 Principles -- 4.1.1 Equilibrium-Stage Concept -- 4.1.2 Transfer-Unit Concept -- 4.1.3 Comparison of Equilibrium-Stage and Transfer-Unit Concepts -- 4.2 Multistage Distillation of Binary Mixtures -- 4.2.1 Calculations Based on Material Bal -- 4.2.2 Calculation Based on Material and Enthalpy Balances -- 4.2.3 Distillation of Binary Mixtures at Total Reflux and Reboil -- 4.2.4 Distillation of Binary Mixtures at Minimum Reflux and Reboil -- 4.2.5 Energy Requirement for Distillation of Binary Mixtures -- 4.3 Multistage Distillation of Ternary Mixtures -- 4.3.1 Calculations Based on Material Balances -- 4.3.2 Distillation of Ternary Mixtures at Total Reflux and Reboil -- 4.3.3 Distillation of Ternary Mixtures at Minimum Reflux and Reboil -- 4.3.4 Energy Requirement of Ternary Distillation -- 4.4 Multistage Distillation of Multicomponent Mixtures -- 4.4.1 Rigorous Column Simulation -- 5 Reactive Distillation, Catalytic Distillation.; 5.1 Fundamentals -- 5.1.1 Chemical Equilibrium -- 5.1.2 Stoichiometric Lines -- 5.1.3 Non-reactive and Reactive Distillation Lines -- 5.1.4 Reactive Azeotropes -- 5.2 Topology of Reactive Distillation Lines -- 5.2.1 Reactions in Ternary Systems -- 5.2.2 Reactions in Ternary Systems with Inert Components -- 5.2.3 Reactions with Side Products -- 5.2.4 Reactions in Quaternary Systems -- 5.3 Topology of Reactive Distillation Processes -- 5.3.1 Single Product Reactions -- 5.3.2 Decomposition Reactions -- 5.3.3 Side Reactions -- 5.4 Arrangement of Catalysts in Columns -- 5.4.1 Homogeneous Catalyst -- 5.4.2 Heterogeneous Catalyst -- 6 Multistage Batch Distillation -- 6.1 Batch Distillation of Binary Mixtures -- 6.1.1 Operation with Constant Reflux -- 6.1.2 Operation with Constant Distillate Composition -- 6.1.3 Operation with Minimum Energy Input -- 6.1.4 Comparison of Energy Requirement for Different Modes of Distillation -- 6.2 Batch Distillation of Ternary Mixtures -- 6.2.1 Zeotropic Mixtures -- 6.2.2 Azeotropic Mixtures -- 6.3 Batch Distillation of Multicomponent Mixtures -- 6.4 Influence of Column Liquid Hold-up on Batch Distillation -- 6.5 Processes for Separating Zeotropic Mixtures by Batch Distillation -- 6.5.1 Total Slop Cut Recycling -- 6.5.2 Binary Distillation of the Accumulated Slop Cuts -- 6.5.3 Recycling of the Slop Cuts at the Appropriate Time -- 6.5.4 Cyclic ; Operation -- 6.6 Processes for Separating Azeotropic Mixtures by Batch Distillation -- 6.6.1 Processes in One Distillation Field -- 6.6.2 Processes in Two Distillation Fields -- 6.6.3 Process Simplifications -- 6.6.4 Hybrid Processes -- 7 Energy Economization in Distillation -- 7.1 Energy Requirement of Single Columns -- 7.1.1 Reduction of Energy Requirement -- 7.1.2 Reduction of Exergy Losses -- 7.2 Optimal Separation Sequences of Ternary Distillation.; 7.2.1 Process and Energy Requirement of the a-Path -- 7.2.2 Process and Energy Requirement of the c-Path -- 7.2.3 Process and Energy Requirement of the Preferred a=c-Path -- 7.3 Modifications of the Basic Processes -- 7.3.1 Material (Direct) Coupling of Columns -- 7.3.2 Processes with Side Columns -- 7.3.3 Thermal (Indirect) Coupling of Columns -- 7.4 Design of Heat Exchanger Networks -- 7.4.1 Optimum Heat Exchanger Networks -- 7.4.2 Modifying the Optimum Heat Exchanger Network -- 7.4.3 Dual Flow Heat Exchanger Networks -- 7.4.4 Process Modifications -- 8 Industrial Distillation Processes -- 8.1 Constraints for Industrial Distillation Processes -- 8.1.1 Feasible Temperatures -- 8.1.2 Feasible Pressures -- 8.1.3 Feasible Dimensions of Columns -- 8.2 Fractionation of Binary Mixtures -- 8.2.1 Recycling of Diluted Sulfuric Acid -- 8.2.2 Ammonia Recovery from Wastewater -- 8.2.3 Hydrogen Chloride Recovery from Inert Gases -- 8.2.4 Linde Process for Air Separation -- 8.2.5 Process Water Purification -- 8.2.6 Steam Distillation -- 8.3 Fractionation of Multicomponent Zeotropic Mixtures -- 8.3.1 Separation Paths -- 8.3.2 Processes with Side Columns -- 8.4 Fractionation of Heterogeneous Azeotropic Mixtures -- 8.5 Fractionation of Azeotropic Mixtures by Pressure Swing Processes -- 8.6 Fractionation of Azeotropic Mixtures by Addition of an Entrainer -- 8.6.1 Processes for Systems Without Distillation Boundary -- 8.6.2 Processes for Systems with Distillation Boundary -- 8.6.3 Hybrid Processes -- 8.7 Industrial Processes of Reactive Distillation -- 8.7.1 Synthesis of MTBE -- 8.7.2 Synthesis of Mono-ethylene Glycol -- 8.7.3 Synthesis of TAME -- 8.7.4 Synthesis of Methyl Acetate -- 9 Design of Mass Transfer Equipment -- 9.1 Types of Design -- 9.1.1 Tray Columns -- 9.1.2 Packed Columns -- 9.1.3 Criteria for Use of Tray or Packed Columns -- 9.2 Design of Tray Columns.; 9.2.1 Design Parameters of Tray Columns -- 9.2.2 Operating Region of Tray Columns -- 9.2.3 Two-Phase Flow on Trays -- 9.2.4 Mass Transfer in the Two-Phase Layer on Column Trays -- 9.3 Design of Packed Columns -- 9.3.1 Design Parameters of Packed Columns -- 9.3.2 Operating Region of Packed Columns -- 9.3.3 Two-Phase Flow in Packed Columns -- 9.3.4 Mass Transfer in Packed Columns -- 9.A Appendix: Pressure Drop in Packed Beds -- 10 Control of Distillation Processes -- 10.1 Control Loops -- 10.1.1 Single Control Loop -- 10.1.2 Ratio Control Loop -- 10.1.3 Disturbance Feedforward Control Loop -- 10.1.4 Cascade Control Loop -- 10.2 Single Control Tasks for Distillation Columns -- 10.2.1 Liquid Level Control -- 10.2.2 Split Stream Control -- 10.2.3 Pressure Control -- 10.2.4 Product Concentration Control -- 10.3 Basic Control Configurations of Distillation Columns -- 10.3.1 Basic Control Systems Without Composition Control -- 10.3.2 One-Point Composition Control Configurations -- 10.3.3 Two-Point Composition Control Configurations -- 10.4 Application Ranges of the Basic Control Configurations -- 10.4.1 Impact of Split Parameters According to Split Rule 2 -- 10.4.2 Sharp Separations of Ideal Mixtures with Constant Relative Volatility at Minimum Reflux and Boilup Ratio -- 10.4.3 Extended Application Ranges of the Basic Control Configurations -- 10.5 Examples for Control Configurations of Distillation Processes -- 10.5.1 Azeotropic Distillation Process by Pressure Change -- 10.5.2 ; Distillation Process for Air Separation -- 10.5.3 Distillation Process with a Main and a Side Colum -- 10.5.4 Azeotropic Distillation Process by Using an Entrainer -- 10.6 Control Configurations for Batch Distillation Processes -- Index -- EULA.