1.

Record Nr.

UNISA990001750100203316

Autore

MACDOUGALL, Edward Bruce

Titolo

Computer programming for spatial problems / Edward Bruce MacDougall

Pubbl/distr/stampa

London : Arnold, 1976

ISBN

0-7131-5865-4

Descrizione fisica

VI, 158 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.

Disciplina

910.285

Soggetti

Informatica - Applicazioni [alla] Geografia

Analisi spaziale

Collocazione

III.1. 3483 (I i 402)

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia



2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910794093303321

Autore

Trecker Max

Titolo

Red money for the global South : East-South economic relations in the Cold War / / Max Trecker

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; ; New York, NY : , : Routledge, , 2020

ISBN

1-000-03742-8

0-429-28268-0

1-000-03736-3

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (255 pages)

Collana

Routledge studies in modern history

Disciplina

337.470172409045

Soggetti

Cold War - Economic aspects

HISTORY / World

HISTORY / Europe / Eastern

HISTORY / Europe / Russia & the Former Soviet Union

Europe, Eastern Foreign economic relations Developing countries

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Sommario/riassunto

"Red Money for the Global South explores the relationship of the East with the 'new' South after decolonization, with a particular focus on the economic motives of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) and other parties that were all striving for mutual cooperation. During the Cold War, the CMEA served as a forum for discussions on common policy initiatives inside the so-called 'Eastern Bloc' and for international interactions. This text analyses the economic relationship of the East with the 'new' South through three main research questions. Firstly, what was the motivation for cooperation? Secondly, what insights can be derived from CMEA negotiations about intrabloc and East-South relations alike? And finally, which mutual dependencies between East and South developed over time? The combination of analytical narrative and engagement with primary archival material from former CMEA states, and India as the most prestigious among the former European colonies, makes this text essential reading for students and instructors of Cold War history, Economic History and



international relations more generally"--

3.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910220156803321

Autore

Garber Steven

Titolo

Economic effects of product liability and other litigation involving the safety and effectiveness of pharmaceuticals / / Steven Garber

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Santa Monica, Calif., : RAND Institute for Civil Justice, 2013

Edizione

[1st ed.]

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (117 p.)

Disciplina

338.4761510973

Soggetti

Products liability - Drugs - Economic aspects - United States

Pharmaceutical industry - United States

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references.

Nota di contenuto

Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Preface; Contents; Figure and Tables; Summary; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; CHAPTER ONE: Introduction; CHAPTER TWO: Conceptual Framework for the Analyses; Positive Analysis: Effects of Liability Exposure on Company Decisions and Economic Outcomes; Company Decisions and Economic Outcomes; Conceptualizing Company Decision making; What Determines Whether Companies Respond to Liability Exposure?; What Kinds of Conclusions Are Possible from the Positive Analytic Approach?; Normative Analysis: Economic Efficiency of Effects of Liability Exposure; Economic Efficiency

Identifying Sources of Inefficiency CHAPTER THREE: The Legal and Institutional Settings; Food and Drug Administration Regulation; Preapproval Regulations; Post-Market Regulations; Product-Liability Law for Prescription Drugs; Manufacturing Defects; Design Defects; Warnings Defects; Regulatory Compliance Defenses (RCDs); Other Legal Issues and Practices; Personal-Injury Causation; Class Actions Alleging Personal Injuries; Class Actions Alleging Financial Injuries; Judicial Gatekeeping of Expert Evidence; U.S. Supreme Court Decisions on Sizes of Punitive Damages; Medical Monitoring Claims

Congregation and Coordination of Related Lawsuits Settlements of Mass Torts; CHAPTER FOUR: Pharmaceutical Mass Torts During the



1990's and 2000's; Mass Torts Resulting in Especially Large Payouts by Defendants; Fen-Phen Diet Pills; Baycol; Rezulin; Vioxx; Hormone Replacement Therapies-Premarin, Provera, and Prempro; Zyprexa; Mass Tort Attempts Resulting in Substantially Smaller Payouts by Defendants; Norplant; Childhood Vaccines and Autism; Other Mass Tort Attempts That Have Largely Failed for Plaintiffs; Summing Up; Mass Drug-Related Injuries; Mass Torts; Financial Incentives to Avoid Liability

Roles of Punitive Damages Controversies About Injury Causation; Transaction Costs of Unsuccessful Mass Tort Attempts; CHAPTER FIVE: Preemption of Pharmaceutical Failure-to-Warn Claims; Federal Preemption Law; Purported Economic Effects of Failure-to-Warn Claims; Economic Arguments Supporting Preemption; Economic Arguments Opposing Preemption; Preemption of Failure-to-Warn Claims for Generic Drugs; Would Failure-to-Warn Litigation Pass a Social Cost-Benefit Test?; Sources of Confusion in the Preemption Debate; The Overall Economic Efficiency of FTW Litigation Is Unknown

CHAPTER SIX: Incentives Stemming from Other Litigation Affecting Safety and Effectiveness Actions Brought by the U.S. Department of Justice; State Consumer Protection Acts-Background and Controversies; Safety- and Effectiveness-Related Litigation Brought by State Attorneys General; Safety- and Effectiveness-Related Financial-Injury Litigation Brought by Private Parties; Shareholder Suits Pertaining to Pharmaceutical Safety and Effectiveness; Summing Up; CHAPTER SEVEN: In Conclusion; Major Legal Developments Since 1990; Product Liability for Personal Injury

Other Litigation Pertaining to Drug Safety and Effectiveness

Sommario/riassunto

Liability effects on the economic performance of the pharmaceutical industry play a prominent role in the debate about the economic effects of product liability in the United States. The author analyzes incentive effects on company decisions, implications for economic outcomes such as drug safety and effectiveness, and suggests how public policy changes could mitigate liability-based sources of inefficient decisions of pharmaceutical companies.