Chapter VII -- Concert and Revival: Roman Policies and Belgian Challenges from the Eve of Independence to the Decline of Unionism (1829-1839) 315 -- 1. Francesco Capaccini's Lehrjahre and the Making of Belgium 316 -- 2. Containment or Appeasement? Gregory XVI and Liberal-Catholicism 332 -- 3. The Belgian Litmus Test 361 -- Chapter VIII -- The Pitfalls of Transigence: the Holy See, Neo-Unionism and the Decline of the Concert (1839-1846) 379 -- 1. Raffaele Fornari on the Frontier of Vatican Diplomacy 379 -- 2. Rethinking Transigence 390 -- Chapter IX -- Rome Head of the Revival: the Holy See and the Internal Problems of the Belgian Church under Gregory XVI (1831-1846) 411 -- 1. Bishops and Monks, Bishops and Canons, Bishops and Vicars: Regular Exemption and "Episcopal Despotism" 411 -- 2. Romantic Spirits and Classical Minds: the "Louvain Affair" 419 -- 3. Jesuits and Professors 437 -- Chapter X -- "Politica Evangelica" (1846-1848) 453 -- 1. Unfinished Business: the Hermeneutics of Gregory's Legacy 453 -- 2. Pio Nono, the Court and Political Catholicism from the Chimay Mission to 1848 461 -- 3. Pius IX and Belgian Liberalism, First Act: the Leclercq Affair 476 -- Chapter XI -- From Pio Nono to Pius IX (1848-1851) 489 -- 1. Revolution, Reaction, Restoration 489 -- 2. Dress-Rehearsal for Mobilisation: Catholic Opinion and the Pope after the Roman Revolution 505 -- 3. Sterckx Disenchanted 511 -- 4. Pius IX and Belgian Liberalism, Second Act: Schools and Succursalistes 519 -- Chapter XII -- Catholic Revival into Catholic Opinion (1851-1859) 535 -- 1. A World of Make-Belief 535 -- 2. Roman Initiative and Socio-Cultural Polarisation 553 -- 3. Religion as Politics and the String of the Papal States 578 -- CONCLUSION 599 -- ABBREVIATIONS 605 -- BIBLIOGRAPHY 607 -- INDEX 633. |