Brain reward and stress systems in addiction / : topic editors: Nicholas W. Gilpin and Remi Martin-Fardon

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910136288303321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: France : , : Frontiers Media SA, , 2015
• ISBN: 9782889193080
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (184 pages) : illustrations; digital, PDF file(s)
• Collana: Frontiers Research Topics
• Soggetti: Substance Abuse Disorders; Psychiatry; Health & Biological Sciences
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Sommario/riassunto: Addiction to drugs and alcohol is a dynamic and multi-faceted disease process in humans, with devastating health and financial consequences for the individual and society-at-large. In humans, drug and alcohol use disorders (i.e., abuse and dependence) are defined by clusters of behavioural symptoms that can be modelled to various degrees in animals. Hallmark behavioural symptoms associated with drug and alcohol dependence are compulsive drug use, loss of control during episodes of drug use, the emergence of a negative emotional state in the absence of the drug, and chronic relapse vulnerability during drug abstinence. The transition to drug dependence is defined by neuroadaptations in brain circuits that, in the absence of drugs, mediate a variety of critical behavioural and physiological processes including natural reward, positive and negative emotional states, nociception, and feeding. Chronic drug exposure during the transition to dependence spurs (1) within-systems changes in neural circuits that contribute to the acute rewarding effects of the drug and (2) recruitment of brain stress systems (neuroendocrine and extra-hypothalamic).There are substantial genetic contributions to the propensity to use and abuse drugs, and drug abuse is highly co-morbid with various other psychiatric conditions (e.g., anxiety ; disorders, major depressive disorder) that may precede or follow the development of drug use problems. Across drugs of abuse, there are overlapping and dissociable aspects of the behavioural and neural changes that define the transition to dependence. Even within a single drug, people abuse drugs for a variety of reasons. The picture is further complicated by the fact that humans often abuse more than one drug concurrently. Even in the face of these challenges, pre-clinical and clinical research is making exponential gains into understanding the neurobiology of drug addiction. With the advent of new technologies and their combination with traditional approaches, the field is able to ask and answer addiction-related research questions in increasingly sophisticated ways. Here, we hope to assemble a collection of articles that provide an up-to-the-moment snapshot of the prevailing empirical, theoretical and technical directions in the addiction research field. We encourage submissions from all investigators working to understand the neurobiology of addiction, especially as it pertains to reward and stress pathways in the brain.

The dialectics of liquidity crisis : an interpretation of explanations of the financial crisis of 2007-08 / / Chris Jefferis

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910165043003321
• Autore: Jefferis Chris.
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: London ; ; New York, N.Y. : , : Routledge, , 2017
• ISBN: 1-315-72614-9; 1-317-53609-6
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (149 pages)
• Collana: Routledge Advances in International Political Economy
• Disciplina: 330.9/0511; 338.54201
• Soggetti: Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009; Liquidity (Economics); Financial crises
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: 1. Introduction : historicizing economic theories of financial crisis -- 2. Minsky in context : a critique of "liquidity crisis" as an explanatory concept -- 3. Minsky contrary to monetarism -- 4. Liquidity and abstraction -- 5. Arbitrage as a historical structure shaping the US financial system -- 6. Sociological interlude : calculation or commensuration? -- 7. Recent financial instability in the US mortgage market : the three phases of risk -- 8. Economics, regulation and capital : an assessment of some proposed reforms -- 9. Conclusion.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book analyses the logic of applying the American Post-Keynesian economist Hyman Minsky's Financial Instability Hypothesis (FIH) to the financial crisis of 2007-08. Arguing that most theories of financial crisis, including Minsky's own, only describe events, but do not actually explain them, the book surveys theories of financial crisis that have been developed to describe instability in the post-WW2 US financial system and analyses them in their historical context. The book argues that explanation of the financial crisis of 2007-08 should involve interpretation of the concept of 'risk', which guides the construction and pricing of contemporary financial products such as derivatives and asset backed securities, as a form of 'liquidity', the concept that Minsky sought to explain the financial crises of the 1970s and 1980s with. The book highlights the continuing relevance of Minsky's theory of liquidity crisis as "immanent", in a historical sense, to the products and trading practices of modern finance, because these products were developed to obviate the crisis dynamics that Minsky described. Minsky's FIH can therefore inform historical understanding of the crisis of 2007-08 but is not directly explanatory itself. The book explores explanation of the financial crisis of 2007-08 interpreting 'liquidity', in practical historical terms, as involving a process of development out of prior crisis dynamics. Seeking to contribute to debates over the causes of the financial crisis of 2007-08 by blending a discussion of historicizing philosophy, economic theory and contemporary financial banking and trading practices this work will be of great interest to scholars of international political economy, heterodox economics and critical theory.