| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910139017803321 |
|
|
Autore |
De Rosa Claudio |
|
|
Titolo |
Crystals and crystallinity in polymers : diffraction analysis of ordered and disordered crystals / / Claudio De Rosa, Finizia Auriemma |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pubbl/distr/stampa |
|
|
Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley, , [2014] |
|
2014 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ISBN |
|
1-118-69079-6 |
1-118-69044-3 |
1-118-69059-1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Descrizione fisica |
|
1 online resource (464 pages) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collana |
|
New York Academy of Sciences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Classificazione |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Altri autori (Persone) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Disciplina |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Soggetti |
|
Crystalline polymers |
Crystallization |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lingua di pubblicazione |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
|
|
|
|
|
Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
|
|
|
|
|
Note generali |
|
Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nota di bibliografia |
|
Includes bibliographical references and index. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nota di contenuto |
|
Machine generated contents note: Chapter 1 Configuration and Conformation of Macromolecules in Polymer Crystals 1.1 Crystals of polymers 1.2 Constitution and configuration of crystalline polymers 1.3 Conformation 1.4 Relationships among internal parameters of macromolecules 1.5 Conformation of polymer chains in the crystalline state 1.6 Helical conformations in isotactic and syndiotactic polymers 1.7 Conformational energy calculations 1.8 Helical conformation and optical activity 1.9 Alternating copolymers 1.10 Polydienes 1.11 Non helical chain conformations of isotactic polymers References Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Packing of macromolecules in polymer crystals 2.1 General principles 2.2 The principle of density (entropy)-driven phase formation in polymers 2.3 Symmetry breaking 2.4 Impact of chain folding on crystal structure symmetry 2.5 Frustrated Polymer Crystal Structures 2.6 Chiral crystallization of polymers with helical chain conformations 2.7 Packing effects on the conformation of polymer chains in the crystals: the case of aliphatic polyamides References Chapter 2 Chapter 3 3.1 X-ray diffraction of semicrystalline polymers 3.2 Fourier synthesis and the phase problem in crystallography 3.3 X-ray fiber diffraction analysis 3.4 Determination of parameters of the unit cell and indexing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of the diffraction pattern 3.5 Measure of the integrated intensities of the reflections and corrections for geometrical (Lorentz), polarization and absorption factors 3.6 Calculation of Structure Factors 3.7 Structural refinement 3.8 Form of diffraction pattern and broadening due to the Laue function References Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Defects and Disorder in Polymer Crystals 4.1 Classification of different types of structural disorder 4.2 Crystals with partial three-dimensional order (Class A)Disorder with three-dimensional periodicity maintained only for some characterizing points of the structure 4.3 Solid mesophases References Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Methods of Analysis of Diffuse Scattering from Disordered Structures of Polymers 5.1 Structural disorder and diffuse scattering 5.2 Methods of diffraction analysis from disordered crystals 5.3 Long Range Order in Disordered Lattices of Class A 5.4 Short Range Order in Disordered Crystals of Class A 5.5 Short Range Order in Disordered Crystals with Substitution type Disorder 5.6 Short Range vs Long Range Order in Disordered Crystals of Class B and C (Solid Mesophases) 5.7 Disordered Models with Perturbations Occurring over Continuous Ranges 5.8 Basic formulas for the calculation of X-ray Diffraction Intensity from Disordered Model Structures of Polymers 5.9 Examples of calculation of average diffracted intensity of structures disordered in one dimension 5.10 Integration method of diffraction intensity for cylindrically and spherical surfaces in the reciprocal space References Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Crystal habit 6.1 Basic remark 6.2 Rounded lateral habits 6.3 Chain folding, molecular orientation and sectorization 6.4 Twinning and secondary nucleation theory 6.5 Homoepitaxy, morphology, stem orientation and polymorphism References Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Influence of Crystal Defects and Structural Disorder on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Materials 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Stress induced phase transformations during deformation 7.3 Isotactic polypropylene 7.4 Syndiotactic Polypropylene References Chapter 7. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sommario/riassunto |
|
"Polymeric crystals are more complex in nature than other materials' crystal structures due to significant structural disorder present. In fact, they actually exist in a semicrystalline state where the crystals are embedded in an amorphous phase to create a highly interconnected network. Presenting an in-depth and current overview of polymer crystals, Crystals and Crystallinity in Polymers provides researchers, engineers, and graduate students with guidelines to help select the proper crystallization method, evaluate polymer crystallization data, determine which methods to utilize for particular cases, and understand the different analytical techniques utilized"-- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910164685903321 |
|
|
Titolo |
Surface and dermal sampling / / contributors, Michael J Brisson, Kevin Ashley |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pubbl/distr/stampa |
|
|
West Conshohocken, PA : , : ASTM International, , 2011 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ISBN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Descrizione fisica |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collana |
|
Journal of ASTM International selected technical papers Surface and dermal sampling |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Soggetti |
|
Dermatotoxicology - Methodology |
Toxicity testing |
Threshold limit values (Industrial toxicology) |
Occupational Exposure - analysis |
Toxicity Tests - methods |
Air Pollutants, Occupational - toxicity |
Environmental Exposure - analysis |
Hazardous Substances - toxicity |
Collected Work |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lingua di pubblicazione |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
|
|
|
|
|
Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
|
|
|
|
|
Note generali |
|
Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nota di contenuto |
|
Review of standards for surface and dermal sampling / K. Ashley, M.J. Brisson, and K.T. White -- Derivation of health-based screening levels for evaluating indoor surface contamination / G. Murnyak and H.-Y. Chang -- Indoor allergen surface sampling methods and standards : a review of the theory / R.D. Lewis and D. Chen -- Evaluation of a handwipe disclosing method for lead / K. Ashley, T.J. Wise, and E.J. Esswein -- Handwipe method for removing lead from skin / E.J. Esswein, M.F. Boeniger, and K. Ashley -- Development of two sample preparation methods for determination of lead in composite dust wipe samples / K.T. White ... [et al.] -- Improving the confidence level in lead clearance examination results through modifications to dust sampling protocols / D.C. Cox ... [et al.] -- Pilot evaluation for lead-based paint proficiency testing of field-portable XRF instruments / K.T. White ... [et al.] -- Beryllium measurement by optical fluorescence in samples |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
contaminated by strongly fluorescent impurities / A. Agrawal ... [et al.] -- Beryllium measurement in commercially available wet wipes / L.D. Youmans-McDonald ... [et al.] -- The feasibility of studying the health implications of surface beryllium contamination : a review of eight industries / M. McCawley -- Evaluation of asbestos in dust on surfaces by microvacuum and wipe sampling / J.R. Kominsky and J.R. Millette -- Use of the ASTM inter-laboratory studies (ILS) program in developing precision data for ASTM D5755-asbestos in dust by microvacuum sampling / J.R. Millette -- Developing acceptable surface limits for occupational exposure to pharmaceutical substances / T.A. Kimmel -- Development of a method for screening spill and leakage of antibiotics on surfaces based on wipe sampling and HPLC-MS/MS analysis / 0. Nygren and R. Lindahl -- Screening of spill and leakage of antibiotics in hospital wards / O. Nygren and R. Lindahl -- Application of ASTM standard practice D6602 in the investigation of outdoor environmental surface particulate including darkening agents / J.R. Millette, H.L Rook, and S. Compton -- Surface characterization of replicate wood surfaces for cleaning studies / R.D. Lewis ... [et al.] -- Assessment of bacterial contamination and remediation efficacy after flooding using fluorometric detection / M. Reeslev, J.C. Nielsen, and L. Rogers -- Use of direct reading surface sampling methods for site characterization and remediation of methamphetamine contaminated properties / J.E. Snawder. |
|
|
|
|
|
| |