Chemistry : a molecular approach / / Nivaldo J. Tro

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910154959503321
• Autore: Tro Nivaldo J.
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Harlow, England : , : Pearson Education, Limited, , 2017
• ISBN: 1-292-15239-7
• Edizione: [Fourth edition, global edition.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (1,310 pages)
• Collana: Always Learning
• Disciplina: 541
• Soggetti: Chemistry, Physical and theoretical
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Includes index.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- ABOUT THE AUTHOR -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- PREFACE -- 1 Matter, Measurement, and Problem Solving -- 1.1 Atoms and Molecules -- 1.2 The Scientific Approach to Knowledge -- The Nature of Science: Thomas S. Kuhn and Scientific -- 1.3 The Classification of Matter -- The States of Matter: Solid, Liquid, and Gas -- Classifying Matter according to Its Composition: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures -- Separating Mixtures -- 1.4 Physical and Chemical Changes and Physical and Chemical Properties -- 1.5 Energy: A Fundamental Part of Physical and Chemical Change -- 1.6 The Units of Measurement -- Standard Units -- The Meter: A Measure of Length -- The Kilogram: A Measure of Mass -- The Second: A Measure of Time -- The Kelvin: A Measure of Temperature -- Prefix Multipliers -- Derived Units: Volume and Density -- Calculating Density -- Chemistry and Medicine: Bone Density -- 1.7 The Reliability of a Measurement -- Counting Significant Figures -- Exact Numbers -- Significant Figures in Calculations -- Precision and Accuracy -- Chemistry in Your Day: Integrity in Data Gathering -- 1.8 Solving Chemical Problems -- Converting from One Unit to Another -- General Problem-Solving Strategy -- Units Raised to a Power -- Order-of-Magnitude Estimations -- Problems Involving an Equation -- CHAPTER IN REVIEW: Self-Assessment Quiz -- Key Terms -- Key Concepts -- Key Equations and Relationships -- Key Learning Outcomes -- EXERCISES: Review Questions -- Problems by Topic -- Cumulative Problems -- Challenge Problems -- Conceptual Problems -- Questions for Group Work -- Data Interpretation and Analysis -- ; Answers to Conceptual Connections -- 2 Atoms and Elements -- 2.1 Brownian Motion: Atoms Comfirmed -- 2.2 Early Ideas about the Building Blocks of Matter -- 2.3 Modern Atomic Theory and the Laws That Led to It.; The Law of Conservation of Mass -- The Law of Definite Proportions -- The Law of Multiple Proportions -- John Dalton and the Atomic Theory -- Chemistry in Your Day: Atoms and Humans -- 2.4 The Discovery of the Electron -- Cathode Rays -- Millikan's Oil Drop Experiment: The Charge of the Electron -- 2.5 The Structure of the Atom -- 2.6 Subatomic Particles: Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons in Atoms -- Elements: Defined by Their Numbers of Protons -- Isotopes: When the Number of Neutrons Varies -- Ions: Losing and Gaining Electrons -- Chemistry in Your Day: Where Did Elements Come From? -- 2.7 Finding Patterns: The Periodic Law and the Periodic Table -- Modern Periodic Table Organization -- Ions and the Periodic Table -- Chemistry and Medicine: The Elements of Life -- 2.8 Atomic Mass: The Average Mass of an Element's Atoms -- Mass Spectrometry: Measuring the Mass of Atoms and Molecules -- Chemistry in Your Day: Evolving Atomic Masses -- 2.9 Molar Mass: Counting Atoms by Weighing Them -- The Mole: A Chemist's "Dozen" -- Converting between Number of Moles and Number of Atoms -- Converting between Mass and Amount (Number of Moles) -- CHAPTER IN REVIEW: Self-Assessment Quiz -- Key Terms -- Key Concepts -- Key Equations and Relationships -- Key Learning Outcomes -- EXERCISES: Review Questions -- Problems by Topic -- Cumulative Problems -- Challenge Problems -- Conceptual Problems -- Questions for Group Work -- Data Interpretation and Analysis -- Answers to Conceptual Connections -- 3 Molecules, Compounds, and Chemical Equations -- 3.1 Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Water -- 3.2 Chemical Bonds -- Ionic Bonds -- Covalent Bonds -- 3.3 Representing Compounds: Chemical Formulas and Molecular Models -- Types of Chemical Formulas -- Molecular Models -- 3.4 An Atomic-Level View of Elements and Compounds -- 3.5 Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Names.; Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds -- Naming Ionic Compounds -- Naming Binary Ionic Compounds Containing a Metal That Forms Only One Type of Cation -- Naming Binary Ionic Compounds Containing a Metal That Forms More Than One Kind of Cation -- Naming Ionic Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions -- Hydrated Ionic Compounds -- 3.6 Molecular Compounds: Formulas and Names -- Naming Molecular Compounds -- Naming Acids -- Naming Binary Acids -- Naming Oxyacids -- Chemistry in the Environment: Acid Rain -- 3.7 Summary of Inorganic Nomenclature -- 3.8 Formula Mass and the Mole Concept for Compounds -- Molar Mass of a Compound -- Using Molar Mass to Count Molecules by Weighing -- 3.9 Composition of Compounds -- Mass Percent Composition as a Conversion Factor -- Conversion Factors from Chemical Formulas -- Chemistry and Medicine: Methylmercury in Fish -- 3.10 Determining a Chemical Formula from Experimental Data -- Determining Molecular Formulas for Compounds -- Combustion Analysis -- 3.11 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations -- 3.12 Organic Compounds -- Hydrocarbons -- Functionalized Hydrocarbons -- CHAPTER IN REVIEW: Self-assessment Quiz -- Key Terms -- Key Concepts -- Key Equations and Relationships -- Key Learning Outcomes -- EXERCISES: Review Questions -- Problems by Topic -- Cumulative Problems -- Challenge Problems -- Conceptual Problems -- Questions for Group Work -- Data Interpretation and Analysis -- Answers to Conceptual Connections -- 4 Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions -- 4.1 Climate Change and the Combustion of Fossil Fuels -- 4.2 Reaction ; Stoichiometry: How Much Carbon Dioxide? -- Making Pizza: The Relationships among Ingredients -- Making Molecules: Mole-to-Mole Conversions -- Making Molecules: Mass-to-Mass Conversions -- 4.3 Limiting Reactant, Theoretical Yield, and Percent Yield.; Calculating Limiting Reactant, Theoretical Yield, and Percent Yield -- Calculating Limiting Reactant, Theoretical Yield, and Percent Yield from Initial Reactant Masses -- 4.4 Solution Concentration and Solution Stoichiometry -- Solution Concentration -- Using Molarity in Calculations -- Solution Dilution -- Solution Stoichiometry -- 4.5 Types of Aqueous Solutions and Solubility -- Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions -- The Solubility of Ionic Compounds -- 4.6 Precipitation Reactions -- 4.7 Representing Aqueous Reactions: Molecular, Ionic, and Complete Ionic Equations -- 4.8 Acid-Base and Gas-Evolution Reactions -- Acid-Base Reactions -- Gas-Evolution Reactions -- 4.9 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions -- Oxidation States -- Identifying Redox Reactions -- Chemistry in Your Day: Bleached Blonde -- Combustion Reactions -- CHAPTER IN REVIEW: Self-assessment Quiz -- Key Terms -- Key Concepts -- Key Equations and Relationships -- Key Learning Outcomes -- EXERCISES: Review Questions -- Problems by Topic -- Cumulative Problems -- Challenge Problems -- Conceptual Problems -- Questions for Group Work -- Data Interpretation and Analysis -- Answers to Conceptual Connections -- 5 Gases -- 5.1 Supersonic Skydiving and the Risk of Decompression -- 5.2 Pressure: The Result of Molecular Collisions -- Pressure Units -- The Manometer: A Way to Measure Pressure in the Laboratory -- Chemistry and Medicine: Blood Pressure -- 5.3 The Simple Gas Laws: Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, and Avogadro's Law -- Boyle's Law: Volume and Pressure -- Charles's Law: Volume and Temperature -- Chemistry in Your Day: Extra-Long Snorkels -- Avogadro's Law: Volume and Amount (in Moles) -- 5.4 The Ideal Gas Law -- 5.5 Applications of the Ideal Gas Law: Molar Volume, Density, and Molar Mass of a Gas -- Molar Volume at Standard Temperature and Pressure -- Density of a Gas -- Molar Mass of a Gas.; 5.6 Mixtures of Gases and Partial Pressures -- Deep-Sea Diving and Partial Pressures -- Collecting Gases over Water -- 5.7 Gases in Chemical Reactions: Stoichiometry Revisited -- Molar Volume and Stoichiometry -- 5.8 Kinetic Molecular Theory: A Model for Gases -- How Kinetic Molecular Theory Explains Pressure and the Simple Gas Laws -- Kinetic Molecular Theory and the Ideal Gas Law -- Temperature and Molecular Velocities -- 5.9 Mean Free Path, Diffusion, and Effusion of Gases -- 5.10 real Gases: The Effects of Size and Intermolecular Forces -- The Effect of the Finite Volume of Gas Particles -- The Effect of Intermolecular Forces -- Van der Waals Equation -- Real Gases -- CHAPTER IN REVIEW: Self-Assessment Quiz -- Key Terms -- Key Concepts -- Key Equations and Relationships -- Key Learning Outcomes -- EXERCISES: Review Questions -- Problems by Topic -- Cumulative Problems -- Challenge Problems -- Conceptual Problems -- Questions for Group Work -- Data Interpretation and Analysis -- Answers to Conceptual Connections -- 6 Thermochemistry -- 6.1 Chemical Hand Warmers -- 6.2 The Nature of Energy: Key Definitions -- Types of Energy -- Energy Conservation and Energy Transfer -- Units of Energy -- 6.3 The First Law of Thermodynamics: There Is No Free Lunch -- Internal Energy -- Chemistry in Your Day: Redheffer's Perpetual Motion Machine -- Heat and Work -- 6.4 Quantifying Heat and Work -- Heat -- Work: Pressure-Volume Work -- 6.5 Measuring &amp -- #916 -- E for Chemical Reactions: Constant-Volume Calorimetry -- 6.6 Enthalpy: The Heat Evolved in a Chemical Reaction at Constant Pressure -- Exothermic and Endothermic ; Processes: A Molecular View -- Stoichiometry Involving &amp -- #916 -- H: Thermochemical Equations -- 6.7 Constant-Pressure Calorimetry: Measuring &amp -- #916 -- H[Sub(rxn)] -- 6.8 Relationships Involving &amp -- #916 -- H[Sub(rxn)].; 6.9 Determining Enthalpies of Reaction from Standard Enthalpies of Formation.
• Sommario/riassunto: For courses in Chemistry. Building 21st Century Data Analysis and Problem-Solving Skills in Modern Chemistry The Fourth Edition of Niva Tro's Chemistry: A Molecular Approach reinforces students' development of 21st century skills including data interpretation and analysis, problem solving and quantitative reasoning, applying conceptual understanding to new situations and peer-to-peer collaboration. Nivaldo Tro presents chemistry visually through multi-level images-macroscopic, molecular, and symbolic representations-helping students see the connections between the world they see around them (macroscopic), the atoms and molecules that compose the world (molecular), and the formulas they write down on paper (symbolic). The benefits of Dr. Tro's problem-solving approach are reinforced through digital, Interactive Worked Examples that provide students with an office-hour type of environment and expanded coverage on the latest developments in chemistry. New Key Concept Videos explain difficult concepts while new end-of-chapter problems including Group Work questions and Data Interpretation and Analysis questions engage students in applying their understanding of chemistry. The revision has been constructed to easily incorporate material for instructors and students to engage in Before, During, and After class activities. MasteringChemistry™ is not included. Students, if MasteringChemistry is a recommended/mandatory component of the course, please ask your instructor for the correct ISBN and course ID. MasteringChemistry should only be purchased when required by an instructor. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information. MasteringChemistry from Pearson is the leading online homework, tutorial, and assessment system, designed to improve results by engaging; students before, during, and after class with powerful content. Instructors ensure students arrive ready to learn by assigning educationally effective content before class, and encourage critical thinking and retention with in-class resources such as Learning Catalytics™. &nbsp.