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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910154958003321 |
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Autore |
Bruice Paula Yurkanis <1941-> |
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Titolo |
Essential organic chemistry / / Paula Yurkanis Bruice |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Harlow, England : , : Pearson, , 2016 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[Third edition, global edition.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (761 pages) : illustration (some color), tables |
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Collana |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Brief Table of Contents -- Contents -- Preface -- About the Author -- Chapter 1 Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding -- Natural Organic Compounds Versus Synthetic Organic Compounds -- 1.1 The Structure of an Atom -- 1.2 How the Electrons in an Atom Are Distributed -- 1.3 Ionic and Covalent Bonds -- 1.4 How the Structure of a Compound Is Represented -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 1.5 Atomic Orbitals -- 1.6 How Atoms Form Covalent Bonds -- 1.7 How Single Bonds Are Formed in Organic Compounds -- 1.8 How a Double Bond Is Formed: The Bonds in Ethene -- Diamond, Graphite, Graphene, and Fullerenes: Substances that Contain Only Carbon Atoms -- 1.9 How a Triple Bond Is Formed: The Bonds in Ethyne -- 1.10 The Bonds in the Methyl Cation, the Methyl Radical, and the Methyl Anion -- 1.11 The Bonds in Ammonia and in the Ammonium Ion -- 1.12 The Bonds in Water -- Water-A Compound Central to Life -- 1.13 The Bond in a Hydrogen Halide -- 1.14 Summary: Hybridization, Bond Lengths, Bond Strengths, and Bond Angles -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 1.15 The Dipole Moments of Molecules -- SOME IMPORTANT THINGS TO REMEMBER -- PROBLEMS -- Chapter 2 Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry -- 2.1 An Introduction to Acids and Bases -- 2.2 pKa and pH -- Acid Rain -- 2.3 Organic Acids and Bases -- Poisonous Amines -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 2.4 How to Predict the Outcome of an Acid-Base Reaction -- 2.5 How to Determine the Position of Equilibrium -- 2.6 How the Structure of an Acid Affects Its pKa Value -- 2.7 How Substituents Affect the Strength of an Acid -- |
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PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 2.8 An Introduction to Delocalized Electrons -- Fosamax Prevents Bones from Being Nibbled Away -- 2.9 A Summary of the Factors that Determine Acid Strength. |
2.10 How pH Affects the Structure of an Organic Compound -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- Aspirin Must Be in Its Basic Form to Be Physiologically Active -- 2.11 Buffer Solutions -- Blood: A Buffered Solution -- SOME IMPORTANT THINGS TO REMEMBER -- PROBLEMS -- TUTORIAL Acids and Bases -- Chapter 3 An Introduction to Organic Compounds -- 3.1 How Alkyl Substituents Are Named -- Bad-Smelling Compounds -- 3.2 The Nomenclature of Alkanes -- How is the Octane Number of Gasoline Determined? -- 3.3 The Nomenclature of Cycloalkanes Skeletal Structures -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 3.4 The Nomenclature of Alkyl Halides -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 3.5 The Classification of Alkyl Halides, Alcohols, and Amines -- Nitrosamines and Cancer -- 3.6 The Structures of Alkyl Halides, Alcohols, Ethers, and Amines -- 3.7 Noncovalent Interactions -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- Drugs Bind to Their Receptors -- 3.8 Factors that Affect the Solubility of Organic Compounds -- Cell Membranes -- 3.9 Rotation Occurs About Carbon-Carbon Single Bonds -- 3.10 Some Cycloalkanes have Angle Strain -- Von Baeyer, Barbituric Acid, and Blue Jeans -- 3.11 Conformers of Cyclohexane -- 3.12 Conformers of Monosubstituted Cyclohexanes -- Starch and Cellulose-Axial and Equatorial -- 3.13 Conformers of Disubstituted Cyclohexanes -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 3.14 Fused Cyclohexane Rings -- Cholesterol and Heart Disease -- How High Cholesterol Is Treated Clinically -- SOME IMPORTANT THINGS TO REMEMBER -- PROBLEMS -- Chapter 4 Isomers: The Arrangement of Atoms in Space -- 4.1 CIS-Trans Isomers Result from Restricted Rotation -- Cis-Trans Interconversion in Vision -- 4.2 Designating Geometric Isomers Using the E,Z System -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 4.3 A Chiral Object Has a Nonsuperimposable Mirror Image -- 4.4 An Asymmetric Center Is a Cause of Chirality in a Molecule. |
4.5 Isomers with One Asymmetric Center -- 4.6 How to Draw Enantiomers -- 4.7 Naming Enantiomers by the R,S System -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 4.8 Chiral Compounds Are Optically Active -- 4.9 How Specific Rotation Is Measured -- 4.10 Isomers with More than One Asymmetric Center -- 4.11 Stereoisomers of Cyclic Compounds -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 4.12 Meso Compounds Have Asymmetric Centers but Are Optically Inactive -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 4.13 Receptors -- The Enantiomers of Thalidomide -- 4.14 How Enantiomers Can Be Separated -- Chiral Drugs -- SOME IMPORTANT THINGS TO REMEMBER -- PROBLEMS -- Chapter 5 Alkenes -- Pheromones -- 5.1 The Nomenclature of Alkenes -- 5.2 How an Organic Compound Reacts Depends on its Functional Group -- 5.3 How Alkenes React . Curved Arrows Show the Flow of Electrons -- A Few Words About Curved Arrows -- 5.4 Thermodynamics: How Much Product Is Formed? -- 5.5 Increasing the Amount of Product Formed in a Reaction -- 5.6 Using ΔH° Values to Determine the Relative Stabilities of Alkenes -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- Trans Fats -- 5.7 Kinetics: How Fast Is the Product Formed? -- 5.8 The Rate of a Chemical Reaction -- 5.9 The Reaction Coordinate Diagram for the Reaction of 2-Butene with HBr -- 5.10 Catalysis -- 5.11 Catalysis by Enzymes -- SOME IMPORTANT THINGS TO REMEMBER -- PROBLEMS -- TUTORIAL An Exercise in Drawing Curved Arrows: Pushing Electrons -- Chapter 6 The Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes -- Green Chemistry: Aiming for Sustainability -- 6.1 The Addition of a Hydrogen Halide to an Alkene -- 6.2 Carbocation Stability Depends on the Number of Alkyl Groups Attached |
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to the Positively Charged Carbon -- 6.3 Electrophilic Addition Reactions Are Regioselective -- Which Are More Harmful, Natural Pesticides or Synthetic Pesticides? -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY. |
6.4 A Carbocation will Rearrange if It Can Form a More Stable Carbocation -- 6.5 The Addition of Water to an Alkene -- 6.6 The Stereochemistry of Alkene Reactions -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 6.7 The Stereochemistry of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions -- 6.8 Enantiomers Can Be Distinguished by Biological Molecules -- 6.9 An Introduction to Alkynes -- Synthetic Alkynes Are Used to Treat Parkinson's Disease -- Why Are Drugs So Expensive? -- 6.10 The Nomenclature of Alkynes -- Synthetic Alkynes Are Used for Birth Control -- 6.11 The Structure of Alkynes -- 6.12 The Physical Properties of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons -- 6.13 The Addition of a Hydrogen Halide to an Alkyne -- 6.14 The Addition of Water to an Alkyne -- 6.15 The Addition of Hydrogen to an Alkyne -- SOME IMPORTANT THINGS TO REMEMBER -- SUMMARY OF REACTIONS -- PROBLEMS -- Chapter 7 Delocalized Electrons and Their Effect on Stability, pKa, and the Products of a Reaction Aromaticity and the Reactions of Benzene -- 7.1 Delocalized Electrons Explain Benzene's Structure -- Kekule's Dream -- 7.2 The Bonding in Benzene -- 7.3 Resonance Contributors and the Resonance Hybrid -- 7.4 How to Draw Resonance Contributors -- Electron Delocalization Affects the Three-Dimensional Shape of Proteins -- 7.5 The Predicted Stabilities of Resonance Contributors -- 7.6 Delocalization Energy Is the Additional Stability Delocalized Electrons Give to a Compound -- 7.7 Delocalized Electrons Increase Stability -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 7.8 Delocalized Electrons Affect pKa Values -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 7.9 Electronic Effects -- 7.10 Delocalized Electrons Can Affect the Product of a Reaction -- 7.11 Reactions of Dienes -- 7.12 The Diels-Alder Reaction Is a 1, 4-Addition Reaction -- 7.13 Benzene Is an Aromatic Compound -- 7.14 The Two Criteria for Aromaticity. |
7.15 Applying the Criteria for Aromaticity -- Buckyballs -- 7.16 How Benzene Reacts -- 7.17 The Mechanism for Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions -- Thyroxine -- 7.18 Organizing What We Know About the Reactions of Organic Compounds -- SOME IMPORTANT THINGS TO REMEMBER -- SUMMARY OF REACTIONS -- PROBLEMS -- TUTORIAL: DRAWING RESONANCE CONTRIBUTORS -- Chapter 8 Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides -- DDT: A Synthetic Organohalide That Kills Disease-Spreading Insects -- 8.1 The Mechanism for an SN2 Reaction -- 8.2 Factors That Affect SN2 Reactions -- Why Are Living Organisms Composed of Carbon Instead of Silicon? -- 8.3 The Mechanism for an SN1 Reaction -- 8.4 Factors That Affect SN1 Reactions -- 8.5 Comparing SN2 and SN1 Reactions -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- Naturally Occurring Organohalides That Defend against Predators -- 8.6 Intermolecular versus Intramolecular Reactions -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 8.7 Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides -- 8.8 The Products of an Elimination Reaction -- 8.9 Relative Reactivities of Alkyl Halides Reactions -- The Nobel Prize -- 8.10 Does a Tertiary Alkyl Halide Undergo SN2/E2 Reactions or SN1/E1 Reactions? -- 8.11 Competition between Substitution and Elimination -- 8.12 Solvent Effects -- Solvation Efects -- 8.13 Substitution Reactions in Synthesis -- SOME IMPORTANT THINGS TO REMEMBER -- SUMMARY OF REACTIONS -- PROBLEMS -- Chapter 9 Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, Amines, and Thiols -- 9.1 The Nomenclature of Alcohols -- Grain Alcohol and Wood Alcohol -- 9.2 Activating an Alcohol for Nucleophilic Substitution by Protonation -- 9.3 Activating an OH Group for |
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Nucleophilic Substitution in a Cell -- The Inability to Perform an SN2 Reaction Causes a Severe Clinical Disorder -- 9.4 Elimination Reactions of Alcohols: Dehydration -- 9.5 Oxidation of Alcohols. |
Blood Alcohol Content. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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For one-term courses in Organic Chemistry. A comprehensive, problem-solving approach for the brief Organic Chemistry course. Modern and thorough revisions to the streamlined, Essential Organic Chemistry focus on developing students' problem solving and analytical reasoning skills throughout organic chemistry. Organized around reaction similarities and rich with contemporary biochemical connections, Bruice's Third Edition discourages memorization and encourages students to be mindful of the fundamental reasoning behind organic reactivity: electrophiles react with nucleophiles. Developed to support a diverse student audience studying organic chemistry for the first and only time, Essentials fosters an understanding of the principles of organic structure and reaction mechanisms, encourages skill development through new Tutorial Spreads and and emphasizes bioorganic processes. Contemporary and rigorous, Essentials addresses the skills needed for the 2015 MCAT and serves both pre-med and biology majors. Also Available with MasteringChemistry® This title is also available with MasteringChemistry - the leading online homework, tutorial, and assessment system, designed to improve results by engaging students before, during, and after class with powerful content. Instructors ensure students arrive ready to learn by assigning educationally effective content before class, and encourage critical thinking and retention with in-class resources such as Learning Catalytics™. Students can further master concepts after class through traditional and adaptive homework assignments that provide hints and answer-specific feedback. The Mastering gradebook records scores for all automatically graded assignments in one place, while diagnostic tools give instructors access to rich data to assess student understanding and misconceptions. MasteringChemistry |
brings learning full circle by continuously adapting to each student and making learning more personal than ever-before, during, and after class. |
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