Introduction to research methods in psychology / / Dennis Howitt, Loughborough University, Duncan Cramer, Loughborough University

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910153151303321
• Autore: Howitt Dennis
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Harlow, England : , : Pearson Education, , 2014; ©2014
• ISBN: 9781292015750; 1292015756; 9780273775065; 0273775065; 9780273775058
• Edizione: [Fourth edition]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (xxii, 508 pages) : illustrations
• Collana: Always learning
• Disciplina: 150.72
• Soggetti: Psychology - Research - Methodology
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph; Previous edition: 2011.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Contents -- Guided tour -- Introduction -- Acknowledgements -- Part 1 The basics of research -- 1 The role of research in psychology -- Overview -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Reading -- 1.3 Evaluating the evidence -- 1.4 Inferring causality -- 1.5 Types of research and the assessment of causality -- 1.6 Practice -- 1.7 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 2 Aims and hypotheses in research -- Overview -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Types of study -- 2.3 Aims of research -- 2.4 Research hypotheses -- 2.5 Four types of hypothesis -- 2.6 Difficulties in formulating aims and hypotheses -- 2.7 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 3 Variables, concepts and measures -- Overview -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The history of the variable in psychology -- 3.3 Types of variable -- 3.4 Independent and dependent variables -- 3.5 Measurement characteristics of variables -- 3.6 Stevens' theory of scales of measurement -- 3.7 Operationalising concepts and variables -- 3.8 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 4 The problems of generalisation and decision-making in research: Chance findings and sample size -- Overview -- 4.1 Introduction -- ; 4.2 Universalism -- 4.3 Sampling and generalisation -- 4.4 Statistics and generalisation -- 4.5 Directional and non-directional hypotheses again -- 4.6 More on the similarity between measures of effect (difference) and association -- 4.7 Sample size and size of association -- 4.8 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 5 Research reports: The total picture -- Overview -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Overall strategy of report writing -- 5.3 The sections of the research report in detail -- 5.4 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 6 Examples of how to writeresearch reports -- Overview -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 A poorly written practical report -- 6.3 Analysis of the report -- 6.4 An improved version of the report.; 6.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activity -- 7 The literature search -- Overview -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Library classification systems -- 7.3 Electronic databases -- 7.4 Obtaining articles not in your library -- 7.5 Personal bibliographic database software -- 7.6 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 8 Ethics and data management in research -- Overview -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Ethics: general principles -- 8.3 Research ethics -- 8.4 Ethics and publication -- 8.5 Obtaining the participant's consent -- 8.6 Data management -- 8.7 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- Part 2 Quantitative research methods -- 9 The basic laboratory experiment -- Overview -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Characteristics of the true or randomised experiment -- 9.3 More advanced research designs -- 9.4 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activity -- 10 Advanced experimental design -- Overview -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Multiple levels of the independent variable -- 10.3 Multiple dependent variables -- 10.4 Factorial designs -- 10.5 The psychology and social psychology of the laboratory experiment -- 10.6 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 11 Cross-sectional or correlational research: Non-manipulation studies -- Overview -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Cross-sectional designs -- 11.3 The case for non-manipulation studies -- 11.4 Key concepts in the analysis of cross-sectional studies -- 11.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 12 Longitudinal studies -- Overview -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Panel designs -- 12.3 Different types of third variable -- 12.4 Analysis of non-experimental designs -- 12.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 13 Sampling and population surveys -- Overview -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Types of probability sampling -- 13.3 Non-probability sampling -- 13.4 National surveys -- 13.5 Socio-demographic characteristics of samples.; 13.6 Sample size and population surveys -- 13.7 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- Part 3 Fundamentals of testing and measurement -- 14 Psychological tests: Their use and construction -- Overview -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 The concept of a scale -- 14.3 Scale construction -- 14.4 Item analysis or factor analysis? -- 14.5 Other considerations in test construction -- 14.6 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 15 Reliability and validity: Evaluating the value of tests and measures -- Overview -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Reliability of measures -- 15.3 Validity -- 15.4 Types of validity -- 15.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activity -- 16 Coding data -- Overview -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Types of coding -- 16.3 Reliability and validity -- 16.4 Qualitative coding -- 16.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- Part 4 Qualitative research methods -- 17 Why qualitative research? -- Overview -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 What is qualitative research? -- 17.3 History of the qualitative/quantitative divide in psychology -- 17.4 The quantification-qualitative methods continuum -- 17.5 Evaluation of qualitative versus quantitative methods -- 17.6 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activity -- 18 Qualitative data collection -- Overview -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Major qualitative data ; collection approaches -- 18.3 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 19 Transcribing language data: The Jefferson system -- Overview -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Jefferson transcription -- 19.3 Advice for transcribers -- 19.4 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 20 Thematic analysis -- Overview -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 What is thematic analysis? -- 20.3 A basic approach to thematic analysis -- 20.4 A more sophisticated version of thematic analysis -- 20.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activity -- 21 Grounded theory -- Overview -- 21.1 Introduction.; 21.2 Development of grounded theory -- 21.3 Data in grounded theory -- 21.4 How to do grounded theory analysis -- 21.5 Computer grounded theory analysis -- 21.6 Evaluation of grounded theory -- 21.7 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activity -- 22 Discourse analysis -- Overview -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Important characteristics of discourse -- 22.3 The agenda of discourse analysis -- 22.4 Doing discourse analysis -- 22.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 23 Conversation analysis -- Overview -- 23.1 Introduction -- 23.2 Precepts of conversation analysis -- 23.3 Stages in conversation analysis -- 23.4 Conclusion -- Key points -- 24 Interpretative phenomenological analysis -- Overview -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.2 Philosophical foundations of interpretative phenomenological analysis -- 24.3 Stages in interpretative phenomenological analysis -- 24.4 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- 25 Evaluating and writing up qualitative research -- Overview -- 25.1 Introduction -- 25.2 Evaluating qualitative research -- 25.3 Validity -- 25.4 Criteria for novices -- 25.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activities -- Part 5 Research for projects, dissertations and theses -- 26 Developing ideas for research -- Overview -- 26.1 Introduction -- 26.2 Why not a replication study? -- 26.3 Choosing a research topic -- 26.4 Sources of research ideas -- 26.5 Conclusion -- Key points -- Activity -- Glossary -- References -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: Introduction to Research Methods in Psychology, 4th edition is an essential introduction to research methods in psychology. With comprehensive coverage of both quantitative and qualitative methods as well as the ethical and legal realities of carrying out research, this is the ideal guide for students just beginning and those moving on to more advanced projects.