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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910149745003321 |
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Autore |
Butt Arthur |
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Titolo |
NG2-glia (polydendrocytes) / / Arthur M. Butt |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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[San Rafael, California] : , : Morgan & Claypool, , 2017 |
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ISBN |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (54 pages) : color illustrations |
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Collana |
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Colloquium series on neuroglia in biology and medicine, , 2375-9917 ; ; # 9 |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Part of: Colloquium digital library of life sciences. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references (pages 25-38). |
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Nota di contenuto |
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1. Introduction -- |
2. Identification and lineage of NG2-glia (polydendrocytes) -- 2.1 Morphology and distribution of NG2-glia -- 2.2 Structure and function of NG2 (Cspg4) -- 2.3 Proliferation of NG2-glia and generation of oligodendrocytes -- 2.4 Multipotential nature of NG2-glia -- |
3. Physiological characteristics of NG2-glia (polydendrocytes) -- 3.1 Ion channels -- 3.1.1 Potassium channels -- 3.1.2 Sodium channels -- 3.1.3 Calcium channels -- 3.1.4 Chloride channels -- 3.1.5 HCN channels -- 3.2 Neurotransmitter receptors -- 3.2.1 Glutamate receptors -- 3.2.2 GABA receptors -- 3.2.3 Purine receptors -- 3.2.4 Other neurotransmitter receptors -- |
4. Synaptic signalling in NG2-glia (polydendrocytes) -- 4.1 Prominence of AMPA and GABAA receptor mediated signalling in NG2-glia -- 4.2 Functions of synaptic signalling in NG2-glia -- 4.3 Neurotransmitters and NG2-glial cell pathology -- |
5. Pathological responses of NG2-glia (polydendrocytes) -- 5.1 Demyelination -- 5.2 Traumatic injury -- 5.3 Ageing -- |
6. Concluding remarks -- References -- Author biography -- Titles of related interest. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Classically, the central nervous system (CNS) was considered to contain neurons and three main types of glial cells--astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. Now, it has been clearly established that NG2-glia are a fourth glial cell type that are identified and defined |
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by their expression of the NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (Cspg4). NG2-glia differentiate into oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming cells of the CNS, under the control of multiple extacellular and intrinsic factors. Due to this, NG2-glia are often referred to in the literature as oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). The name polydendrocytes has been suggested for NG2-glia (OPCs), to emphasize their nature as a fourth distinct glial cell type. NG2-glia respond rapidly to neurotransmission via their synaptic connections with neurons and their repertoire of neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels. Bidirectional interactions between NG2-glia and neurons are also important for synaptic function and neuronal integrity. NG2-glia respond to most neuropathologies by increased proliferation and differentiation into oligodendrocytes, which is critical for replacing damaged myelin after injury and in demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. There is also evidence NG2-glia are capable of generating astrocytes and neurons under some circumstances. The full capacity of NG2-glia is not yet clear, but their key function is the lifelong generation of oligodendrocytes, which is absolutely critical for CNS function and integrity. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910411924203321 |
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Titolo |
Advanced Studies of Financial Technologies and Cryptocurrency Markets / / edited by Lukáš Pichl, Cheoljun Eom, Enrico Scalas, Taisei Kaizoji |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Singapore : , : Springer Singapore : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2020 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[1st ed. 2020.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (256 pages) : illustrations |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Schools of economics |
Macroeconomics |
International finance |
Statistics |
Economics |
Heterodox Economics |
Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics |
International Finance |
Statistics for Business, Management, Economics, Finance, Insurance |
Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Trader behavior in FX market -- The effects of information reliability on financial market -- Property price distributions of Taiwan and the UK -- Phase transition in estimation of parameters of low default portfolio -- A Cryptocurrency Fraud Spill in Japan -- Idiosyncratic volatility of the cryptocurrency -- May Crypto-Currency Impact Real Economy? -- Analysis of Bitcoin Flow and Market Dynamics -- Some Stylized Facts of the Cryptocurrency Market -- Trading Volume and Return Volatility of Bitcoin Market: Evidence for the Sequential Information.-Arrival Hypothesis -- Ether Cryptocurrency: Arbitrage and Cointegration for Ether-derived Exchange Rates among CAD, CNY, GBP, EUR, JPY & USD -- Influence of information on the crypto currency market. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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This book shows that research contributions from different fields— |
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finance, economics, computer sciences, and physics—can provide useful insights into key issues in financial and cryptocurrency markets. Presenting the latest empirical and theoretical advances, it helps readers gain a better understanding of financial markets and cryptocurrencies. Bitcoin was the first cryptocurrency to use a peer-to-peer network to prevent double-spending and to control its issue without the need for a central authority, and it has attracted wide public attention since its introduction. In recent years, the academic community has also started gaining interest in cyptocurrencies, and research in the field has grown rapidly. This book presents is a collection of the latest work on cryptocurrency markets and the properties of those markets. This book will appeal to graduate students and researchers from disciplines such as finance, economics, financial engineering, computer science, physics and applied mathematics working in the field of financial markets, including cryptocurrency markets. |
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