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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910454819503321 |
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Titolo |
Mercenaries [[electronic resource] ] : an African security dilemma / / edited by Abdel-Fatau Musah and J. ʻKayode Fayemi ; foreword by Lord Avebury |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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London ; ; Sterling, Va., : Pluto Press, 2000 |
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ISBN |
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1-84964-039-4 |
0-585-42670-8 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (320 p.) |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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MusahAbdel-Fatau |
FayemiKayode |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Mercenary troops - Africa |
Electronic books. |
Africa History 1960- |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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""Contents ""; ""About the Centre for Democracy and Development ""; ""Programme on Conflict Management, Regional Security & Peacebuilding ""; ""Foreword ""; ""Acknowledgements ""; ""Abbreviations and Acronyms ""; ""Introduction ""; ""Brief Overview of the African Encounter with Mercenarism ""; ""Structure of Book ""; ""Synopsis ""; ""Introduction Notes ""; ""1. Africa in Search of Security: Mercenaries and Conflicts An Overview ""; ""What is Mercenarism? ""; ""Political Context of Mercenary Activities in Africa during the Cold War ""; ""The Mercenary Agenda in Contemporary Africa "" |
""What Future for Mercenarism? """"Re-conceptualising the Security Environment ""; ""Improving the Legal Frameworks of Mercenarism: Between Regulation and Redundancy ""; ""Conclusion ""; ""Notes Chapter 1 ""; ""2. Private Military Companies and African Security 1990 98 ""; ""PMCs and the 'New World Order' ""; ""PMCs before 1990 ""; ""EO in 1990-92 ""; ""PMCs in Angola 1993-97 ""; ""PMCs in Central Africa 1996-1998 ""; ""PMCs in Angola and Sierra Leone 1998 ""; ""Other PMC Activity in Africa ""; ""PMCs in South Africa since 1991 "" |
""Executive Outcomes and Branch- Heritage: The EO- Branch Network |
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""""The Branch- Heritage Group ""; ""Strategic Resources Corporation ""; ""Plaza 107 Ltd ""; ""Links between the Branch- Heritage group and Executive Outcomes ""; ""Conclusion ""; ""Note on Sources ""; ""Notes Chapter 2 ""; ""3. A Country Under Siege: State Decay and Corporate Military Intervention in Sierra Leone ""; ""Early Private Security in the Political Economy of Sierra Leone ""; ""Sierra Leone A Portrait ""; ""The Colonial Imprint ""; ""Military/ Defence Structures in Sierra Leone "" |
""The Anatomy of State Collapse """"Economic Decline and Mounting Tensions ""; ""Challenges to the Neocolonial State ""; ""Emergence of the Revolutionary United Front ""; ""The Gurkha Security Guards ""; ""Executive Outcomes ""; ""The Peace Agreement ""; ""Post- Election Traumas ""; ""The Price of EO intervention ""; ""Corporate Mercenaries in the Kabbah Administration s Strategic Thinking ""; ""Reactions to the 25 May Coup ""; ""The Plot behind an African Coup ""; ""Sandline International ""; ""Motives behind the Assault Partnership "" |
""The Vultures Swoop: A Country under Mercenary Occupation """"Is Sierra Leone any Closer to Peace and Democracy? ""; ""Weapons Continue to Dominate Sierra Leone ""; ""Conclusion: Winners and Losers ""; ""Notes Chapter 3 ""; ""4. The Hand of War: Mercenaries in the Former Zaire 1996 97 ""; ""The Congo as Cradle of Modern-day Mercenarism in Africa ""; ""The Revolutionary Wind of Change, 1996 ""; ""War in Eastern Zaire and the First Tutsi- led Rebellion ""; ""Mercenaries for Mobutu ""; ""War Bonanza ""; ""Executive Outcomes ""; ""Confusion in Kinshasa "" |
""Western European Forces under Christian Tavernier "" |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910144337603321 |
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Autore |
Kessler Waltraud |
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Titolo |
Multivariate Datenanalyse : für die Pharma-, Bio- und Prozessanalytik : ein lehrbuch / / Waltraud Kessler |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Weinheim : , : Wiley-VSH Verlag, , 2007 |
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ISBN |
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1-280-85447-2 |
9786610854479 |
3-527-61003-0 |
3-527-60966-0 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (343 p.) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Multivariate analysis |
Electronic books. |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Multivariate Datenanalyse; Inhaltsverzeichnis; Vorwort; 1 Einführung in die multivariate Datenanalyse; 1.1 Was ist multivariate Datenanalyse?; 1.2 Datensätze in der multivariaten Datenanalyse; 1.3 Ziele der multivariaten Datenanalyse; 1.3.1 Einordnen, Klassifizierung der Daten; 1.3.2 Multivariate Regressionsverfahren; 1.3.3 Möglichkeiten der multivariaten Verfahren; 1.4 Prüfen auf Normalverteilung; 1.4.1 Wahrscheinlichkeitsplots; 1.4.2 Box-Plots; 1.5 Finden von Zusammenhängen; 1.5.1 Korrelationsanalyse; 1.5.2 Bivariate Datendarstellung - Streudiagramme; Literatur; 2 Hauptkomponentenanalyse |
2.1 Geschichte der Hauptkomponentenanalyse2.2 Bestimmen der Hauptkomponenten; 2.2.1 Prinzip der Hauptkomponentenanalyse; 2.2.2 Was macht die Hauptkomponentenanalyse?; 2.2.3 Grafische Erklärung der Hauptkomponenten; 2.2.4 Bedeutung der Faktorenwerte und Faktorenladungen (Scores und Loadings); 2.2.5 Erklärte Varianz pro Hauptkomponente; 2.3 Mathematisches Modell der Hauptkomponentenanalyse; 2.3.1 Mittenzentrierung; 2.3.2 PCA-Gleichung; 2.3.3 Eigenwert- und Eigenvektorenberechnung; 2.3.4 |
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Berechnung der Hauptkomponenten mit dem NIPALS-Algorithmus; 2.3.5 Rechnen mit Scores und Loadings |
2.4 PCA für drei Dimensionen2.4.1 Bedeutung von Bi-Plots; 2.4.2 Grafische Darstellung der Variablenkorrelationen zu den Hauptkomponenten (Korrelation-Loadings-Plots); 2.5 PCA für viele Dimensionen: Gaschromatographische Daten; 2.6 Standardisierung der Messdaten; 2.7 PCA für viele Dimensionen: Spektren; 2.7.1 Auswertung des VIS-Bereichs (500-800 nm); 2.7.2 Auswertung des NIR-Bereichs (1100-2100 nm); 2.8 Wegweiser zur PCA bei der explorativen Datenanalyse; Literatur; 3 Multivariate Regressionsmethoden; 3.1 Klassische und inverse Kalibration; 3.2 Univariate lineare Regression |
3.3 Maßzahlen zur Überprüfung des Kalibriermodells (Fehlergrößen bei der Kalibrierung)3.3.1 Standardfehler der Kalibration; 3.3.2 Mittlerer Fehler - RMSE; 3.3.3 Standardabweichung der Residuen - SE; 3.3.4 Korrelation und Bestimmtheitsmaß; 3.4 Signifikanz und Interpretation der Regressionskoeffizienten; 3.5 Grafische Überprüfung des Kalibriermodells; 3.6 Multiple lineare Regression (MLR); 3.7 Beispiel für MLR - Auswertung eines Versuchsplans; 3.8 Hauptkomponentenregression (Principal Component Regression - PCR); 3.8.1 Beispiel zur PCR - Kalibrierung mit NIR-Spektren |
3.8.2 Bestimmen des optimalen PCR-Modells3.8.3 Validierung mit unabhängigem Testset; 3.9 Partial Least Square Regression (PLS-Regression); 3.9.1 Geschichte der PLS; 3.10 PLS-Regression für eine Y-Variable (PLS1); 3.10.1 Berechnung der PLS1-Komponenten; 3.10.2 Interpretation der P-Loadings und W-Loadings bei der PLS-Regression; 3.10.3 Beispiel zur PLS1 - Kalibrierung von NIR-Spektren; 3.10.4 Finden des optimalen PLS-Modells; 3.10.5 Validierung des PLS-Modells mit unabhängigem Testset; 3.10.6 Variablenselektion - Finden der optimalen X-Variablen |
3.11 PLS-Regression für mehrere Y-Variablen (PLS2) |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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In vielen Fachgebieten, wie z. B. der Lebensmittelchemie, der pharmazeutischen oder biotechnologischen Industrie fallen immer mehr Daten an, die ausgewertet werden müssen. Klassische Verfahren gelangen hierbei schnell an ihre Grenzen. Die multivariate Datenanalyse beschäftigt sich mit Verfahren, mit denen man aus einer Fülle von Daten - wie z. B. Prozessdaten, Messdaten, Mikroarraydaten, Spektren - die wesentlichen, unabhängigen Informationen herausarbeiten kann. Es eröffnen sich somit ganz neue Möglichkeiten für eine effiziente und gleichzeitig umfangreiche Auswertung. Alle Methoden |
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3. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910142573003321 |
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Autore |
Rossi Peter E (Peter Eric), <1955-> |
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Titolo |
Bayesian statistics and marketing [[electronic resource] /] / Peter E. Rossi, Greg M. Allenby, Robert McCulloch |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Chichester, England, : J. Wiley, 2006, c2005 |
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ISBN |
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1-280-59232-X |
9786613622150 |
0-470-86369-2 |
0-470-86368-4 |
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Edizione |
[Reprinted with corrections.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (372 p.) |
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Collana |
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Wiley series in probability and statistics |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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AllenbyGreg M <1956-> (Greg Martin) |
McCullochRobert E (Robert Edward) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Bayesian statistical decision theory |
Marketing research - Mathematical models |
Marketing - Mathematical models |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Bayesian Statistics and Marketing; Contents; 1 Introduction; 1.1 A Basic Paradigm for Marketing Problems; 1.2 A Simple Example; 1.3 Benefits and Costs of the Bayesian Approach; 1.4 An Overview of Methodological Material and Case Studies; 1.5 Computing and This Book; Acknowledgements; 2 Bayesian Essentials; 2.0 Essential Concepts from Distribution Theory; 2.1 The Goal of Inference and Bayes' Theorem; 2.2 Conditioning and the Likelihood Principle; 2.3 Prediction and Bayes; 2.4 Summarizing the Posterior; 2.5 Decision Theory, Risk, and the Sampling Properties of Bayes Estimators |
2.6 Identification and Bayesian Inference 2.7 Conjugacy, Sufficiency, and Exponential Families; 2.8 Regression and Multivariate Analysis Examples; 2.9 Integration and Asymptotic Methods; 2.10 Importance Sampling; 2.11 Simulation Primer for Bayesian Problems; 2.12 Simulation from the Posterior of the Multivariate Regression Model; 3 Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods; 3.1 Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods; 3.2 A Simple Example: Bivariate Normal Gibbs Sampler; 3.3 |
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Some Markov Chain Theory; 3.4 Gibbs Sampler; 3.5 Gibbs Sampler for the Seemingly Unrelated Regression Model |
3.6 Conditional Distributions and Directed Graphs 3.7 Hierarchical Linear Models; 3.8 Data Augmentation and a Probit Example; 3.9 Mixtures of Normals; 3.10 Metropolis Algorithms; 3.11 Metropolis Algorithms Illustrated with the Multinomial Logit Model; 3.12 Hybrid Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods; 3.13 Diagnostics; 4 Unit-Level Models and Discrete Demand; 4.1 Latent Variable Models; 4.2 Multinomial Probit Model; 4.3 Multivariate Probit Model; 4.4 Demand Theory and Models Involving Discrete Choice; 5 Hierarchical Models for Heterogeneous Units; 5.1 Heterogeneity and Priors |
5.2 Hierarchical Models 5.3 Inference for Hierarchical Models; 5.4 A Hierarchical Multinomial Logit Example; 5.5 Using Mixtures of Normals; 5.6 Further Elaborations of the Normal Model of Heterogeneity; 5.7 Diagnostic Checks of the First-Stage Prior; 5.8 Findings and Influence on Marketing Practice; 6 Model Choice and Decision Theory; 6.1 Model Selection; 6.2 Bayes Factors in the Conjugate Setting; 6.3 Asymptotic Methods for Computing Bayes Factors; 6.4 Computing Bayes Factors Using Importance Sampling; 6.5 Bayes Factors Using MCMC Draws; 6.6 Bridge Sampling Methods |
6.7 Posterior Model Probabilities with Unidentified Parameters 6.8 Chib's Method; 6.9 An Example of Bayes Factor Computation: Diagonal Multinomial Probit Models; 6.10 Marketing Decisions and Bayesian Decision Theory; 6.11 An Example of Bayesian Decision Theory: Valuing Household Purchase Information; 7 Simultaneity; 7.1 A Bayesian Approach to Instrumental Variables; 7.2 Structural Models and Endogeneity/Simultaneity; 7.3 Nonrandom Marketing Mix Variables; Case Study 1: A Choice Model for Packaged Goods: Dealing with Discrete Quantities and Quantity Discounts; Background; Model; Data; Results |
Discussion |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in the use of Bayesian methods in marketing due, in part, to computational and modelling breakthroughs, making its implementation ideal for many marketing problems. Bayesian analyses can now be conducted over a wide range of marketing problems, from new product introduction to pricing, and with a wide variety of different data sources. Bayesian Statistics and Marketing describes the basic advantages of the Bayesian approach, detailing the nature of the computational revolution. Examples contained include household and consumer panel data on |
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