Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and other eicosanoids : from biogenesis to clinical application / / F. Marks, G. Fürstenberger (eds.)

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910144010303321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Weinheim, [Germany] : , : Wiley-VCH, , 1999; ©1999
• ISBN: 1-282-01043-3; 9786612010439; 3-527-61362-5; 3-527-61363-3
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (410 p.)
• Disciplina: 572.57; 572/.57
• Soggetti: Eicosanoids; Leukotrienes; Prostanoids
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Other Eicosanoids; Contents; 1 Arachidonic acid and companions: an abundant source of biological signals; 1.1 The world of PUFAs; 1.2 The discovery of prostaglandins and related eicosanoids; 1.3 Mammalian eicosanoids; 1.3.1 Free arachidonic acid: a signaling compound?; 1.3.2 Prostanoids; 1.3.3 HPETEs, HETEs and leukotrienes; 1.3.4 Lipoxins; 1.3.5 15-Epi-lipoxins; 1.3.6 Hepoxilins; 1.3.7 Monooxygenase-derived eicosanoids; 1.3.8 Isoprostanes; 1.3.9 Anandammide; 1.4 Eicosanoids in invertebrates; 1.5 Eicosanoid-related signaling compounds in plants; 1.6 The cellular functions of eicosanoids in mammals1.6.1 Eicosanoids as local mediators; 1.6.2 Specific membrane receptors mediate many biological effects of eicosanoids; 1.6.3 Nuclear eicosanoid receptors: a new frontier in research; 1.7 Addendum: Methods of eicosanoid research; 1.8 References; 2 The generation of free arachidonic acid; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 (Re)Incorporartion of arachidonic acid into ; phospholipids; 2.3 Phospholipases A; 2.3.1 Phospholipase A1; 2.3.2 Phospholipases A2; 2.3.2.1 Secretory phospholipases A2; 2.3.2.2 Cytosolic phospholipase A2; 2.3.2.3 Calciurn-independent phospholipases A22.4 DAG lipase and PLC or PLD/PA phosphohydrolase; 2.5 Cellular models; 2.5.1 P388D1 macrophages; 2.5.2 Rat liver macrophages; 2.6 Conclusions; 2.7 References; 3 Cyclooxygenases; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Cloning of cyclooxygenase isoforms; 3.3 Cyclooxygenase gene structures; 3.4 Regulation of cyclooxygenase isoenzyme expression; 3.5 Cyclooxygenase proteins; 3.5.1 Sequence comparisons; 3.5.2 Post-translational modification; 3.5.3 X-ray analysis of crystal structure; 3.5.4 Subcellular localization; 3.6 Coupling of COX isoenzymes with phospholipases A2; 3.7 Substrate specificities3.8 Mechanism of enzyme catalysis; 3.9 Biological functions of COX isoforms; 3.10 Isoenzyme-specific inhibitors; 3.11 References; 4 Prostanoid synthases; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2. Thromboxane A2 synthase; 4.3 Prostacyclin synthase; 4.4 Prostaglandin D syntase; 4.5. Prostaglandin E synthase; 4.6 Prostaglandin F synthase; 4.7 Glutathione S-transferases; 4.8 Detection of prostaglandin synthases in various tissues; 4.9 Summary and outlook; 4.10 References; 5 Lipoxygenases; 5.1. lntroduction; 5.2. Lipoxygenase reaction; 5.3. Common properties of lipoxygenases; 5.4. Classification of lipoxygenases5.5 Structural aspects of lipoxygenases; 5.5.1. X-ray crystallography; 5.5.2 Substrate alignment and determinants of positional specificity; 5.6 5-Lipoxygenases; 5.6.1 Enzymatic properties; 5.6.2 5-Lipoxygenase activating protein; 5.6.3 Molecular biology of 5-lipoxygenases; 5.6.4 Tissue distribution and regulation of 5-LOX expression; 5.6.5 Biological functions of 5-lipoxygenases; 5.7 12-Lipoxygenases; 5.7.1 Subclassification and enzymatic properties; 5.7.2 Molecular biology of 12-lipoxygenases; 5.7.3 Tissue distribution and regulation of 12-LOX expression; 5.7.4 Biological functions of 12-lipoxygenases
• Sommario/riassunto: Polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential for human cell metabolism. As precursors of a very large and extremely versatile family of signaling compounds they play a key role in intracellular communication. Eicosanoids constitute one of the most abundant and prominent subfamilies of these fatty acid derivatives which are formed primarily along oxidative pathways. Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and related eicosanoids have a modulatory function in mammalian cells and are responsible for tissue responses such as inflammation or wound repair. Increasing activity in eicosanoid research sheds new lig