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Acknowledgements; References |
2 The Ubiquitin Proteasome System and Muscle Development2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Muscle Histology; 2.3 UPS and Developing Muscle; 2.3.1 Ubiquitin-dependent Degradation of MyoD; 2.3.2 Degradation of MyoD by SCF(MAFbx); 2.3.3 Other Muscle Regulatory Factors; 2.4 UPS and Organizing Muscle; 2.4.1 Ozz-E3-dependent β-Catenin Regulation in the Muscle; 2.4.2 Regulation of Myosin Assembly by CHN-1 and UFD-2; 2.5 UPS and Muscle Destruction or Degeneration; 2.5.1 N-end Rule and Muscle Atrophy; 2.5.2 MuRFs, E3 Enzymes in Atrophying Muscles; 2.5.3 Atrogin-1/MAFbx Function in Muscle Atrophy |
2.5.4 Activation of Muscle-atrophy Pathways2.6 Concluding Remarks; References; 3 The COP9 Signalosome: Structural and Biochemical Conservation and Its Roles in the Regulation of Plant Development; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 The Plant COP9 Signalosome; 3.3 CSN Involvement in the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway; 3.4 Plant CSN Biochemical Activities; 3.4.1 Deneddylation; 3.4.2 Subcellular Partitioning; 3.5 CSN Functions in Plant Development; 3.5.1 Floral Development; 3.5.2 Responses to Plant Hormones; 3.5.3 Disease Resistance; 3.5.4 Photomorphogenesis; 3.6 Conclusions; References |
4 Ubiquitin and Protein Sorting to the Lysosome4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Identification of Ubiquitin as an Endosomal Sorting Signal; 4.3 Ubiquitin-mediated Sorting at the Endosome: The MVB Sorting Machinery; 4.3.1 Endosome-associated Ubiquitin Interacting Domains: Structure and Function; 4.3.2 The Hrs-STAM Complex and the Endosomal Clathrin Coat; 4.3.3 GGA and Tom1: Alternative Sorting Adapters?; 4.3.4 The ESCRT Machinery; 4.3.5 Vps4-SKD1; 4.4 Ubiquitin Ligases and Endosomal Sorting; 4.4.1 Nedd4 Family; 4.4.2 c-Cbl; 4.5 Endosomal DUBs; 4.5.1 Ubp1 and Ubp2; 4.5.2 Doa4; 4.5.3 UBPY; 4.5.4 AMSH |
4.6 Polyubiquitin Linkages and Endocytosis4.6.1 Proteasome Involvement in Endocytic Sorting; 4.6.2 K63-linked Ubiquitin; 4.7 Future Directions; Acknowledgements; References; 5 ISG15-dependent Regulation; 5.1 Introduction and Overview; 5.2 The Discovery of ISG15; 5.3 Structure and Properties of the ISG15 Protein; 5.4 The ISG15 Conjugation Pathway; 5.4.1 Activation of ISG15 by UbE1L; 5.4.2 UbcH8 is an ISG15-specific Conjugating Enzyme; 5.4.3 Candidate ISG15-specific Ligases; 5.5 Regulation of Intracellular ISG15 Pools; 5.6 Functional Roles for ISG15; 5.6.1 ISG15 as an Extracellular Cytokine |
5.6.2 Role of ISG15 in the Antiviral Response |