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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910143971703321 |
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Autore |
Klöpffer Walter <1938-> |
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Titolo |
Atmospheric degradation of organic substances [[electronic resource] ] : data for persistence and long-range transport potential / / Walter Klöpffer and Burkhard O. Wagner |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Weinheim, : Wiley-VCH |
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[Chichester, : John Wiley, distributor], c2007 |
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ISBN |
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1-281-23920-8 |
9786611239206 |
3-527-61163-0 |
3-527-61162-2 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (261 p.) |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Organic compounds - Biodegradation |
Chemistry, Organic |
Electronic books. |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Atmospheric Degradation of Organic Substances; Foreword; Preface; Contents; Chapter 1 Significance of Photo-degradation in Environmental Risk Assessment; 1 Introduction; 2 Persistence and Long-range Transport Potential in Chemicals Regulation; 3 Multimedia Models as Tools to Estimate Persistence and Long-range Transport Potential; 4 Data Requirements for Multimedia Models; 5 Estimation of the Rate Constant of Organic Substances with Hydroxyl Radicals; 6 Research Requirements for Photo-degradation of Semi-volatile Substances; 7 Conclusions; References |
Chapter 2 Abiotic Degradation in the Atmosphere1 Introduction; 2 Photo-degradation in the Homogenous Gas Phase of the Troposphere; 2.1 Indirect Photochemical Reactions; 2.1.1 The Reaction with OH-Radicals; 2.1.1.1 Sources and Sinks of the OH-Radical; 2.1.1.2 Reactions of OH with Organic Compounds; 2.1.2 The Reaction with NO(3)-Radicals; 2.1.2.1 Sources and Sinks of the NO(3)-Radical; 2.1.2.2 Reactions of NO(3) with Organic Compounds; 2.1.3 The Reaction with |
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Ozone; 2.1.3.1 Sources and Sinks of O(3) in the Troposphere; 2.1.3.2 Reactions of O(3) with Organic Compounds |
2.2 Direct Photochemical Reactions2.2.1 Quantum Efficiency; 2.2.2 Examples of Photochemical Reactions in the Gas Phase; 3 Heterogeneous Degradation; 3.1 Degradation on Solid Surfaces; 3.1.1 Introduction; 3.1.2 Degradation on Fly Ash and Soot; 3.1.3 Degradation on Artificial Aerosols; 3.2 Degradation in Droplets; 3.2.1 Direct Photochemical Transformation; 3.2.2 Reactive Trace Compounds in Cloud, Fog and Rainwater; 3.2.3 Reactions of Organic Molecules; 3.2.4 Summary; 4 Experimental; 4.1 Indirect Photochemical Degradation; 4.1.1 Bimolecular Reaction with OH |
4.1.1.1 Direct Methods for Measuring k(OH)4.1.1.2 Indirect Methods for the Measurement of k(OH); 4.1.2 Bimolecular Reaction with NO(3); 4.1.2.1 Introduction; 4.1.2.2 Absolute Measurement; 4.1.2.3 Relative Measurements; 4.1.3 Bimolecular Reaction with Ozone; 4.2 Direct Photo-transformation; 4.2.1 Determination of the Quantum Efficiency in the Gas Phase; 4.2.1.1 Gas Cuvette and Monochromatic Radiation; 4.2.1.2 Smog-chamber Method; 4.2.2 Outlook; 4.3 Degradation in the Adsorbed State; 4.3.1 Introduction; 4.3.2 Aerosol Chambers; 4.3.3 Alternative Measurements of k(OH,ads) |
5 Additional Information Necessary for Calculating Lifetimes5.1 Atmospheric Lifetimes; 5.2 Indirect Photochemical Degradation; 5.2.1 Average OH Concentration in the Troposphere; 5.2.2 Average NO(3) Concentration in the Troposphere; 5.2.3 Average O(3) Concentration in the Troposphere; 5.3 Direct Photochemical Degradation; 5.3.1 Introduction; 5.3.2 Absorption Spectrum; 5.3.3 Spectral Photon Irradiance; 5.3.4 Final Comments on Direct and Indirect Photochemical Transformation; References; Chapter 3 Table of Reaction Rate Constants of Photo-Degradation Processes; 1 Content of the Table |
2 Explanation of the Column Headings |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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This compilation on the degradation of 1,100 commercially important chemical products is the first publication to make this knowledge publicly accessible in one book. The data and annotations have been painstakingly assembled over a 10-year period in a collaboration between academia and regulatory authorities. The work explains in detail the methods, including computational ones, for the environmental assessment of volatile and semi-volatile substances, and is rounded off with data tables of degradation rates.A key resource for manufacturers and regulators of such substances. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNIORUON00380878 |
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Autore |
ZUBOK, Vladislav |
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Titolo |
A failed empire : the Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Corbachev / Vladislav M. Zubok |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Chapel Hill, : The University of North Carolina Press, 2009 |
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ISBN |
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Descrizione fisica |
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XXX, 467 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Guerra fredda - Studi |
UNIONE SOVIETICA - Politica e governo - 1953-1991 |
UNIONE SOVIETICA - Relazioni internazionali - Sec. 20 |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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