1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910452405903321

Titolo

Autonomy in subnational income taxes [[electronic resource] ] : evolving powers, existing practices in seven countries / / edited by Violeta Ruiz Almendral and Francois Vaillancourt

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Montreal ; ; Ithaca, : McGill-Queen's University Press, c2013

ISBN

1-299-39485-X

0-7735-8809-4

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (149 p.)

Altri autori (Persone)

Ruiz AlmendralVioleta

VaillancourtFrancois

Disciplina

336.24

Soggetti

Intergovernmental fiscal relations

Intergovernmental tax relations

Taxation

Electronic books.

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Published for Forum of Federations.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references.

Nota di contenuto

""Cover""; ""Title""; ""Copyright""; ""Contents""; ""Subnational Tax Autonomy: Introduction and Summary of Evidence""; ""1 Asymmetrical Federalism in Spain: The Challenges of Financing the Autonomous Communities""; ""2 Fiscal Autonomy in Scotland""; ""3 Asymmetrical Federalism: The Case of Belgium""; ""4 The Deadlock of Federalism in Germany: Assessing Recent Reforms""; ""5 Setting Personal Income Tax Rates: Evidence from Canada and Comparison with the United States of America, 2000�2010""; ""6 Cantonal Tax Autonomy in Switzerland: History, Trends, and Challenges""; ""Contributors""

Sommario/riassunto

An examination of the use of own tax rates by subnational governments in a federal setting.



2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910143748503321

Autore

Lee Jack Y. B

Titolo

Scalable continuous media streaming systems [[electronic resource] ] : architecture, design, analysis and implementation / / Jack Y.B. Lee

Pubbl/distr/stampa

West Sussex, England ; ; Hoboken, NJ, : J. Wiley, c2005

ISBN

1-280-24286-8

9786610242863

0-470-34182-3

0-470-01539-X

0-470-85764-1

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (396 p.)

Disciplina

006.7876

Soggetti

Streaming technology (Telecommunications)

Electronic books.

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Nota di contenuto

Scalable Continuous Media Streaming Systems; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgements; Part One: Fundamentals; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Elements of a Multimedia System; 1.2 Media Data; 1.3 Media Delivery; 1.4 Streaming versus Download; 1.5 Challenges in Building Continuous Media Streaming Systems; 1.5.1 Continuity; 1.5.2 Known and Unknown Variations; 1.5.3 Real-time Interactivity; 1.5.4 Efficiency; 1.5.5 Scalability; 1.5.6 Reliability; 1.6 Engineering Trade-offs; 1.6.1 Trade-off in Capacity; 1.6.2 Trade-off in Time; 1.6.3 Trade-off in Space; 1.6.4 Trade-off in Quality; 1.6.5 Trade-off in Complexity

1.7 Performance Guarantee1.8 Admission Control; 1.9 Summary; References; 2 Media Compression; 2.1 Introduction; 2.1.1 Digital Audio; 2.1.2 Digital Video; 2.1.3 Media Compression; 2.2 Media Multiplexing; 2.3 Temporal Dependencies in Compressed Video; 2.4 Bit-rate Variations; 2.5 Media Adaptation; 2.5.1 Transcoding Techniques; 2.5.2 Transcoder Design; 2.5.3 Implementation Issues; 2.5.4 Experimental Results; 2.6 Summary; References; 3 Continuous Media Storage and Retrieval; 3.1 Structure and Model of Hard Disk; 3.2 Disk Scheduling; 3.2.1 Performance Modeling; 3.2.2 Capacity



Dimensioning

3.3 Improving Disk Throughput3.4 Grouped Sweeping Scheme; 3.5 Multi-Disk Storage And Retrieval; 3.5.1 Partition and Replication; 3.5.2 Disk Striping; 3.5.3 Multi-Disk Scheduling; 3.6 Disk Zoning; 3.7 Summary; References; 4 Soft Scheduling; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Statistical Capacity Dimensioning; 4.3 Dual-Round Scheduling; 4.3.1 Read-Ahead Algorithm; 4.3.2 Performance Modeling; 4.3.3 Buffer Requirement; 4.4 Early-Admission Scheduling; 4.4.1 Admission Algorithm; 4.4.2 First-Block Replication; 4.5 Overflow Management; 4.5.1 Deadline-Driven Detection; 4.5.2 Overflow Recovery

4.6 Performance Evaluation4.6.1 Service Round Length Distribution; 4.6.2 Statistical Streaming Capacity; 4.6.3 Dual-Round Scheduling; 4.6.4 Early-Admission Scheduling; 4.6.5 Buffer Requirement; 4.7 Related Work; 4.8 Summary; References; 5 Reliable and Fault-Tolerant Storage Systems; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Background; 5.3 System Model; 5.3.1 Disk Redundancy; 5.3.2 Storage Allocation and I/O Scheduling; 5.3.3 Disk Performance Model; 5.3.4 Capacity Dimensioning; 5.4 Automatic Data Rebuild; 5.4.1 Sparing Scheme; 5.4.2 Rebuild Algorithm; 5.4.3 Analysis of Rebuild Time; 5.4.4 Buffer Requirement

5.5 Track-Based Rebuild5.5.1 Rebuild Algorithm; 5.5.2 Analysis of Rebuild Time; 5.5.3 Buffer Requirement; 5.6 Pipelined Rebuild; 5.6.1 Buffer Requirement; 5.6.2 Active Disk Synchronization; 5.7 Performance Evaluation; 5.7.1 Comparison of Rebuild Time; 5.7.2 Sensitivity to Server Utilization; 5.7.3 Sensitivity to Media Block Size; 5.7.4 Buffer Requirement; 5.8 Summary; References; 6 Media Data Streaming; 6.1 Streaming over TCP/UDP; 6.2 Specialized Streaming Protocols; 6.2.1 Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP); 6.2.2 Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP); 6.3 Summary; References

7 Streaming Variable Bit-Rate Media Streams

Sommario/riassunto

Continuous media streaming systems will shape the future of information infrastructure. The challenge is to design systems and networks capable of supporting millions of concurrent users. Key to this is the integration of fault-tolerant mechanisms to prevent individual component failures from disrupting systems operations. These are just some of the hurdles that need to be overcome before large-scale continuous media services such as video-on-demand can be deployed with maximum efficiency. The author places the subject in context, drawing together findings from the past decade of rese