Organic matter in the universe [[electronic resource] /] / Sun Kwok

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910141151703321
• Autore: Kwok S (Sun) (HUA)
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Weinheim, : Wiley-VCH, c2012
• ISBN: 1-283-86983-7; 3-527-63703-6; 3-527-63705-2; 3-527-41119-4
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (279 p.)
• Disciplina: 111; 523.02
• Soggetti: Cosmochemistry; Organic compounds; Interstellar matter; Astronomical spectroscopy; Organic compounds - Synthesis; Spectrum analysis; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (p. 211-243) and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Organic Matter in the Universe; Contents; Preface; Abbreviations; Color Plates; 1 History and Introduction; 1.1 Origin of Chemical Elements; 1.2 Extraterrestrial Organics; 2 The Chemistry of Organic Matter; 2.1 Families of Organic Molecules; 2.2 Different Forms of Carbon; 2.2.1 Graphite; 2.2.2 Diamond; 2.2.3 Fullerenes; 2.2.4 Nanotubes and Fullerene Onions; 2.2.5 Carbynes; 2.2.6 Amorphous Forms of Carbon; 2.3 Molecules of Biological Significance; 2.3.1 Carbohydrates; 2.3.2 Lipids; 2.3.3 Proteins; 2.3.4 Nucleic Acids; 2.4 Summary; 3 Interstellar Molecules; 3.1 Electronic, Vibrational, and Rotational Structures of Molecules3.1.1 Electronic Transitions; 3.1.2 Vibrational Transitions; 3.1.3 Rotational Transitions; 3.1.4 Effects of Electron and Nuclear Spins; 3.2 Hydrocarbons; 3.3 Alcohols; 3.3.1 Methanol; 3.3.2 Vinyl Alcohol; 3.4 ; Carboxylic Acids; 3.5 Aldehydes and Ketones; 3.5.1 Formaldehyde; 3.5.2 Cyanoformaldehyde; 3.5.3 Acetaldehyde; 3.5.4 Propynal, Propenal and Propanal; 3.5.5 Ketene; 3.5.6 Acetone; 3.6 Ethers and Esters; 3.7 Amines, Nitriles, and Nitrogen-Containing Molecules; 3.7.1 Ammonia; 3.7.2 Hydrogen Cyanide; 3.7.3 Methylenimine; 3.7.4 Methylamine3.7.5 Cyanamide; 3.7.6 Formamide; 3.7.7 Acetamide; 3.7.8 Ketenimine; 3.7.9 Amino Acetonitrile; 3.8 Radicals; 3.8.1 CH; 3.8.2 CH+; 3.8.3 The Methylene Radical; 3.8.4 Methyl Radical; 3.9 Carbon Chains; 3.9.1 Carbynes; 3.9.2 Carbon Chain Ions; 3.9.3 Pure Carbon Chains; 3.10 Acetylene Derivatives; 3.11 Rings; 3.11.1 Propynl; 3.11.2 Cyclopropenylidene; 3.11.3 Cyclopropenone; 3.11.4 Ethylene Oxide and Propylene Oxide; 3.12 Phosphorus Containing Molecules; 3.12.1 PH; 3.13 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; 3.14 Molecules Containing Trace Elements; 3.14.1 Metal Hydrides; 3.14.2 Halides and Cyanides3.14.3 Calcium Carbide; 3.15 Biomolecules; 3.15.1 Amino Acids; 3.15.2 Sugars; 3.15.3 Nucleic Acids; 3.16 Diamonds; 3.17 Fullerenes; 3.18 Spectroscopic Scans; 3.18.1 Unidentified Lines; 3.18.2 All-Sky Spectral Scans; 3.19 Search for Large, Complex Molecules; 3.20 Summary; 4 Organic Molecules in the Interstellar Medium; 4.1 Dark Clouds; 4.2 High-Mass Star Formation Regions; 4.2.1 Sagittarius B2; 4.2.2 Orion Nebula; 4.3 Reflection Nebulae; 4.4 Diffuse Interstellar Medium; 4.5 Cirrus Clouds; 4.6 Summary; 5 Organic Compounds in Galaxies; 5.1 Aromatic Compounds in Galaxies5.2 The Aliphatic Component; 5.3 Other Organics; 5.4 Summary; 6 Synthesis of Organic Compounds in the Late Stages of Stellar Evolution; 6.1 Molecular Synthesis in the Stellar Wind; 6.2 Beyond the Asymptotic Giant Branch; 6.3 Chemical Evolution; 6.4 Enrichment of the Interstellar Medium; 7 Organic Compounds in the Solar System; 7.1 Techniques; 7.2 The Sun; 7.3 The Earth; 7.4 Planets and Planetary Satellites; 7.4.1 Planetary Atmospheres; 7.4.2 Ices; 7.4.3 Organic Solids; 7.5 Meteorites; 7.6 Meteoroids and Interplanetary Dust Particles; 7.7 Comets; 7.8 Asteroids; 7.9 Trans-Neptunian Objects
• Sommario/riassunto: Authored by an experienced writer and a well-known researcher of stellar evolution, interstellar matter and spectroscopy, this unique treatise on the formation and observation of organic compounds in space includes a spectroscopy refresher, as well as links to geological findings and finishes with the outlook for future astronomical facilities and solar system exploration missions. A whole section on laboratory simulations includes the Miller-Urey experiment and the ultraviolet photolysis of ices.

Computational Methods and Clinical Applications in Musculoskeletal Imaging [[electronic resource] ] : 5th International Workshop, MSKI 2017, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2017, Quebec City, QC, Canada, September 10, 2017, Revised Selected Papers / / edited by Ben Glocker, Jianhua Yao, Tomaž Vrtovec, Alejandro Frangi, Guoyan Zheng

• Record Nr.: UNISA996465480803316
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cham : , : Springer International Publishing : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2018
• ISBN: 3-319-74113-6
• Edizione: [1st ed. 2018.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (XII, 161 p. 71 illus.)
• Collana: Computer Communication Networks and Telecommunications ; ; 10734
• Disciplina: 616.70754
• Soggetti: Optical data processing; Artificial intelligence; Computer communication systems; Image Processing and Computer Vision; Artificial Intelligence; Computer Communication Networks
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Localization of Bone Surfaces from Ultrasound Data Using Local Phase Information and Signal Transmission Maps -- Shape-aware Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Vertebrae Segmentation -- Automated Characterization of Body Composition and Frailty with Clinically Acquired CT -- Unfolded cylindrical projection for rib fracture diagnosis -- 3D Cobb Angle Measurements from Scoliotic Mesh Models with Varying Face-Vertex Density -- Automatic Localization of the Lumbar Vertebral Landmarks in CT Images with Context Features -- Joint Multimodal Segmentation of Clinical CT and MR from Hip Arthroplasty Patients -- Reconstruction of 3D muscle fiber structure using high resolution cryosectioned volume -- Segmentation of Pathological Spines in CT Images Using a Two-Way CNN and a Collision-Based Model -- Attention-driven deep learning for pathological spine segmentation -- Automatic Full Femur Segmentation ; from Computed Tomography Datasets using an Atlas-Based Approach -- Classification of Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures using Shape and Appearance Modelling -- DSMS-FCN: A Deeply Supervised Multi-Scale Fully Convolutional Network for Automatic Segmentation of Intervertebral Disc in 3D MR Images.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Workshop and Challenge on Computational Methods and Clinical Applications for Musculoskeletal Imaging, MSKI 2017, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2017, in Quebec City, QC, Canada, in September 2017. The 13 workshop papers were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this volume. Topics of interest include all major aspects of musculoskeletal imaging, for example: clinical applications of musculoskeletal computational imaging; computer-aided detection and diagnosis of conditions of the bones, muscles and joints; image-guided musculoskeletal surgery and interventions; image-based assessment and monitoring of surgical and pharmacological treatment; segmentation, registration, detection, localization and visualization of the musculoskeletal anatomy; statistical and geometrical modeling of the musculoskeletal shape and appearance; image-based microstructural characterization of musculoskeletal tissue; novel techniques for musculoskeletal imaging.