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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910139628003321 |
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Autore |
Lake P. Sam |
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Titolo |
Drought and Aquatic Ecosystems [[electronic resource] ] : Effects and Responses |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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ISBN |
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1-283-17811-7 |
9786613178114 |
1-4443-4181-2 |
1-4443-4178-2 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (402 p.) |
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Classificazione |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Droughts |
Dung beetles --Ecology |
Dung beetles --Evolution |
Freshwater ecology |
SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Ecology |
Earth & Environmental Sciences |
Zoology |
Health & Biological Sciences |
Meteorology & Climatology |
Invertebrates & Protozoa |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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DROUGHT and AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS: Effects and Responses; Contents; Acknowledgements; 1 Introduction: the nature of droughts; 1.1 The social and economic damage of drought; 1.2 Major characteristics of drought; 1.3 The formation of droughts; 1.4 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and drought; 1.5 Other important oscillations creating drought; 1.6 Drought in Australia; 2 Types of drought and their assessment; 2.1 Drought monitoring and indices; 2.2 Meteorological drought; 2.3 Hydrological drought; 3 The perturbation of hydrological drought; 3.1 Refuges and drought |
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3.2 Traits and adaptations to drought3.3 The nature of studies on drought in aquatic ecosystems; 4 Droughts of the past: dendrochronology and lake sediments; 4.1 Indicators of past droughts; 4.1.1 Dendrochronology; 4.1.2 Indicators from lakes: tree stumps and sediments; 4.2 Impacts of past drought on lakes; 4.3 Droughts of the Holocene; 4.3.1 Early and mid-Holocene droughts; 4.3.2 Late Holocene droughts; 5 Water bodies, catchments and the abiotic effects of drought; 5.1 Water body types; 5.2 Aquatic ecosystems, their catchments and drought; 5.3 Drought and effects on catchments |
5.4 Riparian zones and drought5.5 Sequence of changes in water bodies with drying; 5.6 Changes in water quality with drought in lentic systems; 5.7 Drought in connected lakes; 5.8 Drought and water quality in flowing waters; 5.9 Drought and benthic sediments; 5.10 The breaking of drought - re-wetting and the return of flows; 5.11 Concluding remarks; 5.12 The next chapters; 6 Drought and temporary waters; 6.1 Drought and the biota of temporary waters; 6.1.1 Algae; 6.1.2 Vascular plants; 6.2 Fauna of temporary standing waters and drought; 6.2.1 Fish of temporary lentic waters |
6.2.2 Invertebrates6.2.3 Invertebrates in regional standing water bodies of differing hydroperiods; 6.3 Insights from experimental studies of drought in temporary waters; 6.4 The biota of temporary streams and drought; 6.4.1 Drying in desert streams; 6.4.2 Mediterranean streams; 6.4.3 Dryland streams; 6.5 Drying and recovery in temporary wetlands and streams; 6.6 Conclusions; 7 Drought, floodplain rivers and wetland complexes; 7.1 Drought and floodplain systems; 7.2 Drought and the biota of floodplain systems; 7.2.1 Vascular plants; 7.2.2 Phytoplankton; 7.2.3 Zooplankton; 7.2.4 Benthos |
7.3 Floodplain rivers, fish and drought7.3.1 Fish and the mainstem channel; 7.3.2 Drought and adaptations of floodplain fish; 7.4 Drought, fish assemblages and floodplain rivers; 7.5 Summary; 7.6 Large wetland complexes with seasonal flooding; 7.6.1 The Florida Everglades; 7.6.2 Drought and crustaceans of the Everglades; 7.6.3 Drought and fish of the Everglades; 7.6.4 Summary; 7.7 Amphibious and terrestrial vertebrates; 7.7.1 Amphibians; 7.7.2 Reptiles and mammals; 7.7.3 Waterbirds; 7.7.4 Summary; 8 Drought and perennial waters: plants and invertebrates; 8.1 Drought and lentic systems |
8.1.1 Drought in Lake Chilwa |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Droughts are a major hazard to both natural and human-dominated environments and those, especially of long duration and high intensity, can be highly damaging and leave long-lasting effects. This book describes the climatic conditions that give rise to droughts, and their various forms and chief attributes. Past droughts are described including those that had severe impacts on human societies. As a disturbance, droughts can be thought of as "ramps" in that they usually build slowly and take time to become evident. As precipitation is reduced, flows from catchments into aquatic systems decline. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910639977203321 |
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Autore |
Marais Lochner |
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Titolo |
Space and planning in secondary cities : Reflections from South Africa |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Bloemfontein, : UJ Press, 2019 |
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ISBN |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 electronic resource (314 p.) |
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Soggetti |
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City & town planning - architectural aspects |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Much of the urban research focuses on the large metropolitan areas in South Africa. This book assesses spatial planning in the second-tier cities of the country. Secondary cities are vital as they perform essential regional, and in some cases, global economic roles and help to distribute the population of a country more evenly across its surface. Apartheid planning left South African cities fragmented segregated and with low densities. Post-apartheid policies aim to reverse these realities by emphasising integration, higher densities and upgrading. Achieving these aims has been challenging and often the historical patterns continue. The evidence shows that two opposing patterns prevail, namely increased densities and continued urban sprawl. This book presents ten case studies of spatial planning and spatial transformation in secondary cities of South Africa. The book frames these case studies against complexity theory and suggests that the post-apartheid response to apartheid planning represents a linear deviation from history. The ten case studies then reveal how difficult it is for local decision-makers to find appropriate responses and how current responses often result in contradictory results. Often these cities are highly vulnerable and they find it difficult to plan in the context of uncertainty. The book also highlights how these cities find it difficult to stand on their own against the influence of interest groups (property developers, mining companies, traditional authorities, other spheres of |
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government). The main reasons include weak municipal finance statements, the dependence on national and provincial government for capital expenditure, limited investment in infrastructure maintenance, the lack of planning capacity, the inability to implement plans and the unintended and sometimes contrary outcomes of post-apartheid planning policies. |
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