Introduction to X-ray powder diffractometry / / Ron Jenkins, Robert L. Snyder

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910139078003321
• Autore: Jenkins Ron <1932->
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: New York, : Wiley, c1996
• ISBN: 1-283-59303-3; 9786613905482; 1-118-52091-2; 1-118-52099-8; 1-118-52092-0
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (428 p.)
• Collana: Chemical analysis ; ; v. 138
• Altri autori (Persone): SnyderR. L <1941-> (Robert L.)
• Disciplina: 548/.83
• Soggetti: X-rays - Diffraction - Technique; X-ray diffractometer; Powders - Optical properties - Measurement
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: "A Wiley-Interscience publication."
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Introduction to X-ray Powder Diffractometry; CONTENTS; PREFACE; CUMULATIVE LISTING OF VOLUMES IN SERIES; CHAPTER 1. CHARACTERISTICS OF X-RADIATION; 1.1. Early Development of X-ray Diffraction; 1.2. Origin of X-radiation; 1.3. Continuous Radiation; 1.4. Characteristic Radiation; 1.4.1. The Photoelectric Effect; 1.4.2. The Auger Effect; 1.4.3. Fluorescent Yield; 1.4.4. Selection Rules; 1.4.5. Nondiagram Lines; 1.4.6. Practical Form of the Copper K Spectrum; 1.5. Scattering of X-rays; 1.5.1. Coherent Scatter; 1.5.2. Compton Scatter; 1.6. Absorption of X-rays; 1.7. Safety Considerations; ReferencesCHAPTER 2. THE CRYSTALLINE STATE; 2.1. Introduction to the Crystalline State; 2.2. Crystallographic Symmetry; 2.2.1. Point Groups and Crystal Systems; 2.2.2. The Unit Cell and Bravais Lattices; 2.2.3. Reduced Cells; 2.2.4. Space Groups; 2.3. Space Group Notation; 2.3.1. The Triclinic or Anorthic Crystal System; 2.3.2. The Monoclinic Crystal System; 2.3.3. The Orthorhombic Crystal System; 2.3.4. The Tetragonal Crystal System; 2.3.5. The Hexagonal and Trigonal Crystal Systems; 2.3.6. The Cubic Crystal System; 2.3.7. Equivalent Positions; ; 2.3.8. Special Positions and Site Multiplicity; 2.4. Space Group Theory2.5. Crystallographic Planes and Miller Indices; References; CHAPTER 3. DIFFRACTION THEORY; 3.1. Diffraction of X-rays; 3.2. The Reciprocal Lattice; 3.3. The Ewald Sphere of Reflection; 3.4. Origin of the Diffraction Pattern; 3.4.1. Single Crystal Diffraction; 3.4.2. The Powder Diffraction Pattern; 3.5. The Location of Diffraction Peaks; 3.6. Intensity of Diffraction Peaks; 3.6.1. Electron Scattering; 3.6.2. The Atomic Scattering Factor; 3.6.3. Anomalous Scattering; 3.6.4. Thermal Motion; 3.6.5. Scattering of X-rays by a Crystal: The Structure Factor; 3.7. The Calculated Diffraction Pattern3.7.1. Factors Affecting the Relative Intensity of Bragg Reflections; 3.7.2. The Intensity Equation; 3.8. Calculation of the Powder Diffraction Pattern of KCl; 3.9. Anisotropic Distortions of the Diffraction Pattern; 3.9.1. Preferred Orientation; 3.9.2. Crystallite Size; 3.9.3. Residual Stress and Strain; References; CHAPTER 4. SOURCES FOR THE GENERATION OF X-RADIATION; 4.1. Components of the X-ray Source; 4.2. The Line-Voltage Supply; 4.3. The High-Voltage Generator; 4.3.1. Selection of Operating Conditions; 4.3.2. Source Stability; 4.4. The Sealed X-ray Tube4.4.1. Typical X-ray Tube Configuration; 4.4.2. Specific Loading; 4.4.3. Care of the X-ray Tube; 4.5. Effective Line Width; 4.6. Spectral Contamination; 4.6.1. X-ray Tube Life; 4.7. The Rotating Anode X-ray Tube; References; CHAPTER 5. DETECTORS AND DETECTION ELECTRONICS; 5.1. X-ray Detectors; 5.2. Desired Properties of an X-ray Detector; 5.2.1. Quantum-Counting Efficiency; 5.2.2. Linearity; 5.2.3. Energy Proportionality; 5.2.4. Resolution; 5.3. Types of Detector; 5.3.1. The Gas Proportional Counter; 5.3.2. Position-Sensitive Detectors; 5.3.3. The Scintillation Detector
• Sommario/riassunto: When bombarded with X-rays, solid materials produce distinct scattering patterns similar to fingerprints. X-ray powder diffraction is a technique used to fingerprint solid samples, which are then identified and cataloged for future use-much the way the FBI keeps fingerprints on file. The current database of some 70,000 material prints has been put to a broad range of uses, from the analysis of moon rocks to testing drugs for purity.Introduction to X-ray Powder Diffractometry fully updates the achievements in the field over the past fifteen years and provides a much-needed explanation o