Poverty and the law / / edited by Peter Robson and Asbjørn Kjønstad

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910451221403321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Oxford [England] ; ; Portland, Oregon : , : Hart Publishing, , 2001
• ISBN: 1-84113-191-1; 1-4725-6230-5; 1-281-04199-8; 9786611041991; 1-84731-317-5
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (216 p.)
• Collana: Onati international series in law and society
• Disciplina: 344.0325
• Soggetti: Poor laws; Poverty; Social legislation; Social policy; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Contains papers produced from a workshop held in 1997 at the International Institute for the Sociology of Law in Onati, Spain, organized by the Comparative Research Programme on Poverty.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Introduction: Poverty and the Law. INTRODUCTION: 1. The Rights of the Poor: Conceptual Issues -- THE EXPERIENCE OF POVERTY: 2. The Law and the Poor: Institutional Support and Economic Need in Italy ; 3. Strategies for Police Accountability and Community Empowerment -- STRATEGIES TO CONFRONT POVERTY: 4. Poverty, Social Exclusion and the Impact of Selected Legal Measures against Caste Discrimination in South Asia ; 5. Disability and Poverty in the United Kingdom -- ACCESS TO JUSTICE FOR THE POOR: 6. The Development of the Notion of Poverty and the Equal Protection Clauses: A Comparative Analysis of Italy and the United States ; 7. Substantive Justice and Procedural Fairness in Social Security: The UK Experience -- OVERVIEWS: 8. The Rule of Law and Poverty Reduction: Some Issues ; 9. An Army of Ideas: Marginalisation, Indigenous Rights and Civil Society in Mexico since the Zapatista Rebellion.
• Sommario/riassunto: "This collection of essays focuses attention on the global impact of legal policies on levels of poverty. They illustrate the distinct dimensions of poverty in a range of different political and cultural settings and also show how poverty is exacerbated by quite discrete local cultural factors in some instances. There is,nonetheless a universal element which runs through all the contributions. The fate of those who are disadvantaged in society depends crucially on their access to goods through the world of work. Thus gender, ethnic background or disability can result in individuals having a much higher chance of experiencing poverty than those outwith these groups and the success of these groups in achieving a measure of prosperity is bound up with a multiplicity of geographical and political factors. This book is part of the Oñati International Series in Law and Society."--Bloomsbury Publishing.

Advances in network complexity / / edited by Matthias Dehmer, Abbe Mowshowitz and Frank Emmert-Streib

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910139042303321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Weinheim, : Wiley-Blackwell, c2013; Weinheim [Germany] : , : Wiley-Blackwell, , 2013
• ISBN: 3-527-67048-3; 3-527-67046-7; 3-527-67047-5
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (xiv, 293 pages) : illustrations
• Collana: Quantitative and network biology ; ; vol. 4
• Disciplina: 003.72
• Soggetti: System analysis; Computational complexity; Network analysis (Planning) - Mathematical models; Graph theory
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Formerly CIP.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Advances in Network Complexity; Contents; Preface; List of ; Contributors; 1 Functional Complexity Based on Topology; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 A Measure for the Functional Complexity of Networks; 1.2.1 Topological Equivalence of LCE-Graphs; 1.2.2 Vertex Resolution Patterns; 1.2.3 Kauffman States for Link Invariants; 1.2.4 Definition of the Complexity Measure; 1.3 Applications; 1.3.1 Creation of a Loop; 1.3.2 Networks of Information; 1.3.3 Transport Networks of Cargo; 1.3.4 Boolean Networks of Gene Regulation; 1.3.5 Topological Quantum Systems; 1.3.6 Steering Dynamics Stored in Knots and Links; 1.4 ConclusionsReferences; 2 Connections Between Artificial Intelligence and Computational Complexity and the Complexity of Graphs; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Representation Methods; 2.3 Searching Methods; 2.4 Turing Machines; 2.5 Fuzzy Logic and Fuzzy Graphs; 2.6 Fuzzy Optimization; 2.7 Fuzzy Systems; 2.8 Problems Related to AI; 2.9 Topology of Complex Networks; 2.10 Hierarchies; 2.10.1 Deterministic Case; 2.10.2 Nondeterministic Case; 2.10.3 Alternating Case; 2.11 Graph Entropy; 2.12 Kolmogorov Complexity; 2.13 Conclusion; References; 3 Selection-Based Estimates of Complexity Unravel Some Mechanisms and Selective Pressures Underlying the Evolution of Complexity in Artificial Networks3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Complexity and Evolution; 3.3 Macroscopic Quantification of Organismal Complexity; 3.4 Selection-Based Methods of Complexity; 3.5 Informational Complexity; 3.6 Fisher Geometric Model; 3.7 The Cost of Complexity; 3.8 Quantifying Phenotypic Complexity; 3.8.1 Mutation-Based Method: Mutational Phenotypic Complexity (MPC); 3.8.2 Drift Load Based Method: Effective Phenotypic Complexity (EPC); 3.8.3 Statistical Method: Principal Component Phenotypic Complexity (PCPC)3.9 Darwinian Adaptive Neural Networks (DANN); 3.10 The Different Facets of Complexity; 3.11 Mechanistic Understanding of Phenotypic Complexity; 3.12 Selective Pressures Acting on Phenotypic Complexity; 3.13 Conclusion and Perspectives; References; 4 Three Types of Network Complexity Pyramid; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 The First Type: The Life's Complexity Pyramid (LCP); 4.3 The Second Type: Network Model Complexity Pyramid; 4.3.1 The Level-7: Euler (Regular) Graphs; 4.3.2 The Level-6: Erd€os-R enyi Random Graph; 4.3.3 The Level-5: Small-World Network and Scale-Free Models4.3.4 The Level-4: Weighted Evolving Network Models; 4.3.5 The Bottom Three Levels of the NMCP; 4.3.5.1 The Level-3: The HUHPNM; 4.3.5.2 The Level-2: The LUHNM; 4.3.5.3 The Level-1: The LUHNM-VSG; 4.4 The Third Type: Generalized Farey Organized Network Pyramid; 4.4.1 Construction Method of the Generalized Farey Tree Network (GFTN); 4.4.2 Main Results of the GFTN; 4.4.2.1 Degree Distribution; 4.4.2.2 Clustering Coefficient; 4.4.2.3 Diameter and Small World; 4.4.2.4 Degree-Degree Correlations; 4.4.3 Weighted Property of GFTN; 4.4.4 Generalized Farey Organized Network Pyramid (GFONP)
• Sommario/riassunto: A well-balanced overview of mathematical approaches to complex systems ranging from applications in chemistry and ecology to basic research questions on network complexity. Matthias Dehmer, Abbe Mowshowitz, and FrankEmmert-Streib, well-known pioneers in the fi eld, have edited this volume with a view to balancing classical and modern approaches to ensure broad coverage of contemporary research problems.The book is a valuable addition to the literature and a must-have for anyone dealing with network compleaity and complexity issues.