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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910137236403321 |
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Autore |
Akio Kanai |
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Titolo |
Molecular biology of the transfer RNA revisited / / topic editor: Akio Kanai |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Frontiers Media SA, 2014 |
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France : , : Frontiers Media SA, , 2014 |
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ISBN |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (164 pages) : illustrations; digital, PDF file(s) |
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Collana |
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Frontiers Research Topics |
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Soggetti |
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Animal Biochemistry |
Human Anatomy & Physiology |
Health & Biological Sciences |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are one of the classical non-coding RNAs whose lengths are approximately 70–100 bases. The secondary structure of tRNAs can be represented as the cloverleaf with 4 stems, and the three dimensional structure as a "L" shape. Historically, the basic function of tRNA as an essential component of translation was established in 1960s, i.e., each tRNA is charged with a target amino acid and these are delivered to the ribosome during protein synthesis. However, recent data suggests that the role of tRNA in cellular regulation goes beyond this paradigm. In most Archaea and Eukarya, precursor tRNAs are often interrupted by a short intron inserted strictly between the first and second nucleotide downstream of the anticodon, known as canonical nucleotide position (37/38). Recently, a number of reports describe novel aspects of tRNAs in terms of gene diversity, for example, several types of disrupted tRNA genes have been reported in the Archaea and primitive Eukarya, including multiple-intron-containing tRNA genes, split tRNA genes, and permuted tRNA genes.Our understanding of the enzymes involved in tRNA functions (e.g., aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, tRNA splicing endonuclease, tRNA ligase) has deepened. Moreover, it is well known that tRNA possesses many types of base modifications |
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whose enzymatic regulations remain to be fully elucidated. It was reported that impaired tRNA nuclear-cytoplasmic export links DNA damage and cell-cycle checkpoint. Furthermore, a variety of additional functions of tRNA, beyond its translation of the genetic code, have emerged rapidly. For instance, tRNA cleavage is a conserved part of the responses to a variety of stresses in eukaryotic cells. Age-associated or tissue-specific tRNA fragmentation has also been observed. Several papers suggested that some of these tRNA fragments might be involve in the cellular RNA interference (RNAi) system. These exciting data, have lead to this call for a Research Topic, that plans to revisit and summarize the molecular biology of tRNA. Beyond the topics outlined above, we will highlight recent developments in bioinformatics tools and databases for tRNA analyses. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910754097503321 |
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Titolo |
Advanced Drug Delivery : Methods and Applications / / edited by Tuhin Subhra Santra, Ashwini Uma Surendra Shinde |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Singapore : , : Springer Nature Singapore : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2023 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[1st ed. 2023.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (368 pages) |
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Collana |
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Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, , 1868-2014 ; ; 26 |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Drug delivery systems |
Biomedical engineering |
Nanobiotechnology |
Microfluidics |
Cytology |
Pharmaceutical chemistry |
Drug Delivery |
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering |
Cell Biology |
Pharmaceutics |
Administració de medicaments |
Enginyeria biomèdica |
Citologia |
Bioenginyeria |
Llibres electrònics |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Chapter 1. Biological methods -- Chapter 2. Liposomal based drug delivery system -- Chapter 3. Hydrogel-based drug delivery strategies -- Chapter 4. Monoclonal antibodies -- Chapter 5. Electroporation -- Chapter 6. Photoporation -- Chapter 7. Mechanoporation -- Chapter 8. Magnetoporation -- Chapter 9. Microinjection -- Chapter 10. Jet injection -- Chapter 11. Sonoporation -- Chapter 12. Device based drug delivery techniques – microfluidics Chapter 13. Nanoparticles drug delivery systems -- Chapter 14. BioMaterials -- Chapter 15. Implanted drug delivery systems -- Chapter 16. Transdermal drug delivery systems -- Chapter 17. Subcutaneous drug delivery systems -- Chapter 18. Nasopulmonary drug delivery systems -- Chapter 19. Mucosal drug delivery systems -- Chapter 20. Intrauterine drug delivery systems -- Chapter 21. Gastro retentive drug delivery systems -- Chapter 22. Endoscopic assisted drug delivery -- Chapter 23. Theranostics. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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This book provides an overview of various drug delivery systems at the cellular level including biological, chemical methods, and most importantly physical methods such as photoporation, electroporation, mechanoporation, and device-based techniques (e.g., microfluidics), as well as organism-level techniques including nanomaterials, biomaterials, and transdermal. Drug delivery (DD) can be defined as the method and route by which an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is administered to promote its desired pharmacological effect and/or convenience and/or to reduce adverse effects. Drug delivery systems are developed to maximize drug efficacy and minimize side effects. As drug delivery technologies improve, the drug becomes safer and more comfortable for patients to use. During the last seven decades, extraordinary progress has been made in drug delivery technologies, such as systems for long-term delivery for months and years, localized delivery, and targeted delivery. The advances, however, will face the next phase considering the future technologies that we need to overcome many physicochemical barriers for new formulation development and biological unknowns for treating various diseases. Thus, various technologies are built at a single-cell level as well as an organism level. This book is useful at the university level for graduate courses or research studies and biotechnology-based companies with research and development on cell-based analysis, diagnosis, or drug screening. This book is also very useful for researchers in drug delivery technologies, which came in frontier research for the past decade. |
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