Airway smooth muscle in asthma and COPD [[electronic resource] ] : biology and pharmacology / / edited by Kian Fan Chung

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910144704303321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Hoboken, N.J. ; ; Chichester, : Wiley, 2008
• ISBN: 1-282-34322-X; 9786612343223; 0-470-75422-2; 0-470-75421-4
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (332 p.)
• Altri autori (Persone): ChungK. Fan <1951->
• Disciplina: 616.2
• Soggetti: Respiratory muscles - Physiology; Smooth muscle - Physiology; Respiratory muscles - Molecular aspects; Smooth muscle - Molecular aspects; Respiratory agents; Respiratory organs - Diseases - Treatment; Respiratory therapy
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Airway Smooth Muscle; Contents; List of Contributors; 1 Biophysical basis of airway smooth muscle contraction and hyperresponsiveness in asthma; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Airway hyperresponsiveness; 1.3 Classical behaviour of airway smooth muscle and the balance of static forces; 1.4 Shortening velocity and other manifestations of muscle dynamics; 1.5 Biophysical characterization of airway smooth muscle: bronchospasm in culture?; 1.6 Mechanical plasticity: a nonclassical feature of airway smooth muscle; 1.7 Recent observations; 1.8 Future directions; References; 2 Dynamics of cytoskeletal and contractile protein organization: an emerging paradigm for airway smooth muscle contraction2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Molecular structure and organization of contractile and cytoskeletal filaments in the airway smooth muscle cell; 2.3 Cytoskeletal dynamics and airway smooth muscle contraction; ; References; 3 Airway smooth muscle: role in airway constrictor hyperresponsiveness; 3.1 What is airway constrictor hyperresponsiveness (AHR)?; 3.2 Is AHR ever good?; 3.3 Potential mechanisms leading to airflow obstruction; 3.4 Potential abnormalities of airway smooth muscle (ASM)3.5 If ASM is dysfunctional, how did it get that way?; 3.6 Summary; Acknowledgements; References; 4 Airway smooth muscle phenotypic and functional plasticity; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Historical perspective: smooth muscle phenotype plasticity; 4.3 Features of phenotype plasticity; 4.4 Mechanisms for phenotypic plasticity; 4.5 Functional plasticity of airway smooth muscle: role in asthma pathogenesis; 4.6 Concluding remarks; References; 5 Airway smooth muscle proliferation: insights into mechanisms regulating airway smooth muscle mass; 5.1 Increases in airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass and the functional consequences5.2 Growth factors, inflammatory mediators and cytokines modulate ASM proliferation; References; 6 Airway smooth muscle bidirectional interactions with extracellular matrix; 6.1 Overview; 6.2 Introduction; 6.3 Airway extracellular matrix (ECM) in health and disease; 6.4 Integrins; 6.5 Airway smooth muscle (ASM) as a modulator of airway ECM; 6.6 Airway ECM as modulator of ASM function; 6.7 Impact of anti-asthma therapy on ASM-ECM interactions; 6.8 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 7 Airway smooth muscle interaction with mast cells7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Mast cell mediators alter smooth muscle function; 7.3 Smooth muscle cells induce mast cell chemotaxis; 7.4 Mast cells can adhere to airway smooth muscle; 7.5 Conclusion; Acknowledgements; References; 8 Airway smooth muscle synthesis of inflammatory mediators; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Lipid mediators; 8.3 Chemokines; 8.4 Growth and remodelling factors; 8.5 Conclusions; References; 9 Airway smooth muscle in experimental models; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Methods of assessment of airway smooth muscle (ASM) function; 9.3 Potential mechanisms by which ASM properties may contribute to airway responsiveness
• Sommario/riassunto: In this book, leading researchers in medicine and molecular pharmacology explain the cellular mechanisms that control airway smooth muscle. The means by which these are disrupted in disease, and the pharmacologic strategies by which they may be modified are discussed and future therapeutic interventions are identified. Aimed at specialists in pulmonology, this volume provides the clinician with the most up to date information on one of the core physiological processes in airway disease, and offers insights into current and future approaches to management. Authori

Circulation weather types as a tool in atmospheric, climate and environmental research / / edited by : Alexandre M. Ramos, David Barriopedro and Emanuel Dutra

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910137090703321
• Autore: Emanuel Dutra
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Frontiers Media SA, 2015; Lausanne, Switzerland : , : Frontiers Media SA, , 2015; ©2007-2015
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (151 pages) : illustrations; digital, PDF file(s)
• Collana: Research Topics
• Disciplina: 551.6
• Soggetti: Meteorology - Research; Climatology - Methodology; Environmental sciences
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Circulation weather types as a tool in atmospheric, climate, and environmental research -- A new circulation type classification based upon Lagrangian air trajectories --Circulation weather types and spatial variability of daily precipitation in the Iberian Peninsula --The influence of circulation weather patterns at different spatial scales on drought variability in the Iberian Peninsula --Multi-decadal classification of synoptic weather types, observed trends and links to rainfall characteristics over Saudi Arabia --From daily climatic scenarios to hourly atmospheric forcing fields to force Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere transfer models --Cold surge activity over the Gulf of Mexico in a warmer climate --A climatology of low level wind regimes over Central America using a weather type classification approach --Circulation patterns identified by spatial rainfall and ocean wave fields in Southern Africa --Weather types across the Maritime Continent: from the diurnal cycle to interannual variations --A synoptic climatology of heavy rain events in the Lake Eyre and Lake Frome catchments.
• Sommario/riassunto: Classifications of circulation weather systems have a long history in meteorology and climatology. Starting with manual classifications over ; specific regions of the globe, these tools (generally called “catalogs of synoptic types”) were restricted mainly to weather forecasting and historical climate variability studies. In the last decades, the advance of computing resources and the availability of datasets have fostered the development of fast and objective methods that process large amount of data. In recent years numerous methods of circulation type classification have been designed, showing their usefulness on a wide range of applications in scientific domains related to weather, climate, and environment. This Research Topic highlights methodological advances in circulation weather types and also their applications to different research areas. The articles included in this research topic show that circulation weather types can be used not only in Europe, where they have been always more frequent, but also applied to other regions of the world.