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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910136808003321 |
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Autore |
Filip Barinka |
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Titolo |
At the top of the interneuronal pyramid [[electronic resource] ] : calretinin expressing cortical interneurons / / edited by Nada Zecevic, Zsófia Maglóczky and Filip Barinka |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Frontiers Media SA, 2016 |
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Lausanne, Switzerland : , : Frontiers Media SA, , 2016 |
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©2016 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (102 pages) : illustrations, charts; digital, PDF file(s) |
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Collana |
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Frontiers Research Topics |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Published in Frontiers in Neuroanatomy. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Besides the population of pyramidal neurons using glutamate as a neurotransmitter, GABAergic cortical interneurons form a second, quite heterogeneous group of neurons in the mammalian cerebral cortex. It is actually well appreciated that the interneurons play various important roles in cortical neuronal networks both in normal and pathological states. Based on connectivity pattern, developmental, morphological and electrophysiological properties, distinct subgroups of GABAergic interneurons can be differentiated in the neocortex as well as in the hippocampal formation. In this Research Topic, we concentrate on the inhibitory interneurons expressing calcium-binding protein calretinin (CR). In our opinion, there are many reasons why these cells deserve our special attention. CR expressing (CR+) interneurons differ from other interneuronal populations in their site of origin, in their significantly higher counts in cerebral cortex of primates in comparison to rodents, as well as in their connectivity pattern with high proportion of synapses formed with other interneuronal subtypes. Interestingly, they innervate dendritic inhibitory cells and therefore may play a role in the regulation of the dendritic inputs of pyramidal cells both in the neocortex and hippocampus. CR+ interneurons in the prefrontal cortex |
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were suggested to be instrumental for formation of species-specific neocortical circuits important for cognitive functions of primates. A “gating cell” function of CR+ interneurons – switching the flow of information between two pathways – was suggested in the visual and in the perirhinal cortex. A subpopulation of CR+ interneurons is very probably involved in regulation of blood flow dynamics and energy metabolism in the cortex. Diverse populations of cortical inhibitory interneurons are differently affected in various neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Interestingly, in comparison with other interneuronal types, CR+ interneurons seem to be less compromised in schizophrenia, major depression, Alzheimer disease and multiple sclerosis. The situation was found to be more complex in various epileptic conditions. In this Research Topic we wish to discuss and summarize what is known about calretinin expressing interneurons in mammalian cerebral cortex. Papers dealing with functions of CR+ interneurons in both normal and pathological states are especially welcomed. Differences between CR+ populations in rodent and in primate cortex should also be discussed. All article types (original research, reviews, methodological considerations, opinions) are welcomed. The aim of the research topic is to consolidate the knowledge about this, in our eyes, special interneuronal population and to inspire further research on the function of these neurons, which – functionally – seem to stand at the top of the pyramid of cortical interneuronal types. |
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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910557613503321 |
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Autore |
Park Bum Soo |
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Titolo |
Taxonomy and Ecology of Marine Algae |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Basel, : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2022 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (218 p.) |
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Soggetti |
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Biology, life sciences |
Research and information: general |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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The term "algae" refers to a large diversity of unrelated phylogenetic entities, ranging from picoplanktonic cells to macroalgal kelps. Marine algae are an important primary producer in the marine food chain, responsible for the high primary production of coastal areas, providing food resources in situ for many grazing species of gastropods, peracarid crustaceans, sea urchins or fish. Recent findings indicate that marine environments have rapidly changed due to global warming over the past several decades. This change has led to significant variations in marine algal ecology. For example, a long-term increase in ocean temperatures due to global warming has facilitated the intensification of harmful algal blooms, which adversely impact public health, aquatic organisms, and aquaculture industries. Thus, extensive studies have been conducted, but there is still a gap in our understanding of the variation in their ecology in accordance with future marine environmental changes. To fill this gap, studies on the taxonomy and ecology of marine algae are highly necessary. We have invited algologists to submit research articles that enable us to advance our understanding of the taxonomy and ecology of marine algae. Fourteen papers have been collected so far, which cover different aspects of the taxonomy and ecology of marine algae, including understudied species, interspecific comparisons, and new techniques. |
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