1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910293140603321

Autore

Wahbi Ammar

Titolo

Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing:  Estimation of Agricultural Crop Biomass Water Equivalent [[electronic resource] /] / by Ammar Wahbi, Lee Heng, Gerd Dercon

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Springer Nature, 2018

Cham : , : Springer International Publishing : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2018

ISBN

3-319-69539-8

Edizione

[1st ed. 2018.]

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (X, 33 p. 18 illus., 14 illus. in color.)

Disciplina

630

Soggetti

Agriculture

Hydrology

Environmental sciences

Hydrology/Water Resources

Environmental Science and Engineering

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Nota di contenuto

Foreword -- Summary -- 2. In-Situ Destructive Sampling -- 2.1 The Concept of Representivity -- 2.2 Plant Sampling Pattern and Design -- 2.3 Biomass Water Equivalent -- 2.4 Conclusions -- 3. Remote Sensing via Satellite Imagery Analysis -- 3.1 Photo-Reflective Properties of Plants -- 3.2 Satellite Image Analysis -- 3.3 Conclusions -- 4. Estimate of Biomass Water Equivalent via the Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensor -- 4.1 The role of Biomass in the CRNS Calibration -- 4.2 Relationship between Neutrons and Crop Biomass -- 4.3 Dire4ct Relationship between Neutrons and Biomass -- 4.4 Conclusions.

Sommario/riassunto

This book is published open access under a CC BY 3.0 IGO license. This open access book provides methods for the estimation of Biomass Water Equivalent (BEW), an essential step for improving the accuracy of area-wide soil moisture by cosmic-ray neutron sensors (CRNS). Three techniques are explained in detail: (i) traditional in-situ destructive sampling, (ii) satellite based remote sensing of plant surfaces, and (iii) biomass estimation via the use of the CRNS itself. The advantages and



disadvantages of each method are discussed along with step by step instructions on proper procedures and implementation. .

2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910136069603321

Autore

Heineke Amy J.

Titolo

Restrictive Language Policy in Practice : English Learners in Arizona / / Amy J. Heineke

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Blue Ridge Summit, PA : , : Multilingual Matters, , [2016]

©2016

ISBN

1-78309-643-8

1-78309-642-X

Edizione

[1st ed.]

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (234 pages) : illustrations, tables

Collana

Bilingual Education & Bilingualism

Disciplina

306.44/9791

Soggetti

Language policy - Arizona

Education, Bilingual - Arizona

English language - Study and teaching - Arizona - Foreign speakers

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Nota di contenuto

Frontmatter -- Contents -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Looking Back: Historical Lens on Arizona Policies and Practices -- 3. Contemporary Context of English Learner Education -- 4. Starting at the Center: English Language Development in Classrooms -- 5. Local Policy (P)layers: Classroom, School and District Educators -- 6. Administrators and Educators: State Educational Policy in Practice -- 7. Legislators and Lobbyists: Power, Politics and Policy in Arizona -- 8. Rationalizing the Education of English Learners in Arizona: The Complexities of Language Policy in Practice -- 9. Looking Forward: Recommendations for English Learner Education -- References -- Index

Sommario/riassunto

As the most restrictive language policy context in the United States, Arizona’s monolingual and prescriptive approach to teaching English learners continues to capture international attention. More than five school years after initial implementation, this study uses qualitative data from the individuals doing the policy work to provide a holistic



picture of the complexities and intricacies of Arizona’s language policy in practice. Drawing on the varied perspectives of teachers, leaders, administrators, teacher-educators, lawmakers and community activists, the book examines the lived experiences of those involved in Arizona’s language policy on a daily basis, highlighting the importance of local perspectives and experiences as well as the need to prepare and professionalize teachers of English learners.