Melanins and melanosomes : biosynthesis, biogenesis, physiological, and pathological functions / / by Patrick A. Riley ; edited by Jan Borovansky

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910133221103321
• Autore: Riley P. A (Patrick Anthony)
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Weinheim : Chichester, : Wiley-VCH ; John Wiley [distributor], c2011
• ISBN: 3-527-64455-5; 1-283-83536-3; 3-527-63614-5; 3-527-63615-3
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (431 p.)
• Altri autori (Persone): BorovanskyJan <1943->
• Disciplina: 572.59
• Soggetti: Melanins; Pigments (Biology)
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di contenuto: Melanins and Melanosomes: Biosynthesis, Biogenesis, Physiological, and Pathological Functions; Dedication; Contents; Preface; List of Contributors; 1: History of Melanosome Research; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Melanosome Research in the Pre-Seiji Era; 1.3 Melanosome Research in the Seiji Era; 1.3.1 Terminology of Melanosomes; 1.3.2 Ultrastructural and Histochemical Studies; 1.3.3 Biochemical Studies; 1.4 Melanosome Research in the Post-Seiji Era; 1.5 Other Historical Aspects; Acknowledgments; References; 2: Classical and Nonclassical Melanocytes in Vertebrates; 2.1 Definition of Melanogenic Cells; 2.2 Distribution and Function of Melanogenic Cells2.2.1 Classical Melanocytes; 2.2.1.1 Melanocytes in the Epidermis; 2.2.1.2 Melanocytes in the Dermis; 2.2.1.3 Melanophores in Lower Vertebrates; 2.2.2 Nonclassical Melanocytes; 2.2.2.1 Melanocytes of the Eye; 2.2.2.2 Melanocytes of the Inner Ear; 2.2.2.3 Melanocytes of the Heart; 2.2.2.4 Melanocytes of the Brain and Neuromelanins; 2.2.2.5 Melanin in Adipose Tissue; 2.3 Embryonic Development of Melanogenic Cells; 2.3.1 Classical Melanocytes; 2.3.1.1 Early Determined Melanoblasts: The Dorsolateral Pathway; 2.3.1.2 Late Determined Melanoblasts: A Common Origin with SCPs and the Dorsoventral Migratory Pathway2.3.2 Nonclassical Melanocytes; 2.3.2.1 Melanocytes of the Murine Eye; 2.3.2.2 Melanocytes of the Murine Heart; 2.3.2.3 Other Nonclassical Murine Melanocytes; 2.3.2.4 Other Organisms; 2.4 Transfer of Melanin from Classical and Nonclassical Melanocytes; 2.4.1 Melanosome Transport; 2.4.2 Melanosome Transfer; 2.4.2.1 Melanosome Transfer from Classical Melanocytes; 2.4.2.2 Transfer of Melanin from Nonclassical Melanocytes; References; 3: Biological Chemistry of o-Quinones; 3.1 General Biological Significance of o-Quinones3.1.1 Antibiosis; 3.1.2 Defensive Secretions; 3.1.3 Balanid Adhesion; 3.1.4 Cuticular Hardening in Insects; 3.1.5 Pigmentation; 3.2 o-Quinone Reactivity; 3.2.1 Structure and Reactivity; 3.2.2 Reduction; 3.2.3 Addition Reactions: Intermolecular addition; 3.2.4 Polymerization; 3.2.5 Intramolecular Addition (Cyclization); 3.2.6 Addition-Elimination (Substitution) Reactions; 3.3 Role of o-Quinones in Melanogenesis; 3.3.1 Nonenzymatic Formation of Melanogenic Intermediates; 3.3.1.1 Contributions from Pulse Radiolysis to the Chemistry of Eumelanogenesis and Pheomelanogenesis3.3.2 Balance between Eumelanogenesis and Pheomelanogenesis; 3.3.3 Control of Melanogenesis: Phase I Melanogenesis; 3.3.4 Tyrosinase Activation; 3.3.5 Tyrosinase Inactivation; References; 4: Biosynthesis of Melanins; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Raper-Mason Pathway; 4.2.1 Phase I Melanogenesis: The Proximal Raper-Mason Pathway-From L-tyrosine to L-dopachrome; 4.2.2 Distal Melanogenic Steps: From L-Dopachrome to Eumelanins; 4.2.3 Biosynthesis of Pheomelanins; 4.3 Structural and Functional Properties of the Melanogenic Enzymes
• Sommario/riassunto: The surface pigmentation of vertebrates is controlled by specialized cells able to synthesize a variety of pigments collectively known as melanins. Recent research has shown that melanins are produced not only in the skin but also in many other sites such as the eye, inner ear, muscles, etc., - where they are engaged in some unanticipated roles. The details of the synthetic pathway, the complexities of its regulation and biological significance that have been unravelled in recent research comprise a fascinating story and are of key importance in understanding the nature of diseases, includin