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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910131498203321 |
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Titolo |
Semiconductor terahertz technology : devices and systems at room temperature operation / / editors, Guillermo Carpintero, Luis Enrique Garcâia-Muänoz, Hans H. Hartnagel, Sascha Preu |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Hoboken [New Jersey] : , : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., , 2015 |
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[Piscataqay, New Jersey] : , : IEEE Xplore, , [2015] |
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ISBN |
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1-118-92039-2 |
1-118-92041-4 |
1-118-92040-6 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (427 p.) |
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Collana |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Terahertz technology |
Semiconductors |
Submillimeter waves |
Very high speed integrated circuits |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Acknowledgments xi -- Preface xiii -- Foreword xvii -- List of Contributors xix -- 1 General Introduction 1 /Hans Hartnagel, Antti V. Raisanen, and Magdalena Salazar-Palma -- 2 Principles of THz Generation 3 /Sascha Preu, Gottfried H. DŠohler, Stefan Malzer, Andreas StŠohr, Vitaly Rymanov, Thorsten GŠobel, Elliott R. Brown, Michael Feiginov, Ramón Gonzalo, Miguel Beruete, and Miguel Navarro-Cya -- 2.1 Overview 3 -- 2.2 THz Generation by Photomixers and Photoconductors 5 -- 2.2.1 Principle of Operation 5 -- 2.2.2 Basic Concepts and Design Rules 7 -- 2.2.3 Thermal Constraints 21 -- 2.2.4 Electrical Constraints 23 -- 2.2.5 Device Layouts of Photoconductive Devices 35 -- 2.2.6 Device Layouts of p-i-n Diode-Based Emitters 47 -- 2.3 Principles of Electronic THz Generation 53 -- 2.3.1 Oscillators with Negative Differential Conductance 54 -- 2.3.2 Multipliers (Schottky Diodes, Hetero-Barrier Varactors) 56 -- 2.3.3 Plasmonic Sources 58 -- References 61 -- 3 Principles of Emission of THzWaves |
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69 /Luis Enrique Garcya Munoz, Sascha Preu, Stefan Malzer, Gottfried H. DŠohler, Javier Montero-de-Paz, Ramón Gonzalo, David González-Ovejero, Daniel Segovia-Vargas, Dmitri Lioubtchenko, and Antti V. Raisanen -- 3.1 Fundamental Parameters of Antennas 69 -- 3.1.1 Radiation Pattern 69 -- 3.1.2 Directivity 71 -- 3.1.3 Gain and Radiation Efficiency 71 -- 3.1.4 Effective Aperture Area and Aperture Efficiency 72 -- 3.1.5 Phase Pattern and Phase Center 72 -- 3.1.6 Polarization 72 -- 3.1.7 Input Impedance and Radiation Resistance 72 -- 3.1.8 Bandwidth 73 -- 3.2 Outcoupling Issues of THz Waves 73 -- 3.2.1 Radiation Pattern of a Dipole over a Semi-Infinite Substrate 75 -- 3.2.2 Radiation Pattern of a Dipole in a Multilayered Medium 79 -- 3.2.3 Anomalies in the Radiation Pattern 82 -- 3.3 THz Antenna Topologies 84 -- 3.3.1 Resonant Antennas 85 -- 3.3.2 Self-Complementary Antennas 87 -- 3.4 Lenses 90 -- 3.4.1 Lens Design 90 -- 3.5 Techniques for Improving the Performance of THz Antennas 93 -- 3.5.1 Conjugate Matching Technique 93. |
3.5.2 Tapered Slot Antenna on Electromagnetic Band Gap Structures 99 -- 3.6 Arrays 107 -- 3.6.1 General Overview and Spectral Features of Arrays 107 -- 3.6.2 Large Area Emitters 113 -- References 157 -- 4 Propagation at THz Frequencies 160 /Antti V. Raisanen, Dmitri Lioubtchenko, Andrey Generalov, J. Anthony Murphy, Créidhe O'Sullivan, Marcin L. Gradziel, Neil Trappe, Luis Enrique Garcia Munoz, Alejandro Garcia-Lamperez, and Javier Montero-de-Paz -- 4.1 Helmholtz Equation and Electromagnetic Modes of Propagation 160 -- 4.2 THz Waveguides 167 -- 4.2.1 Waveguides with a Single Conductor: TE and TM Modes 168 -- 4.2.2 Waveguides with Two or More Conductors: TEM and Quasi-TEM Modes 173 -- 4.2.3 Waveguides with No Conductor: Hybrid Modes 177 -- 4.3 Beam Waveguides 183 -- 4.3.1 Gaussian Beam 183 -- 4.3.2 Launching and Focusing Components: Horns, Lenses, and Mirrors 187 -- 4.3.3 Other Components Needed in Beam Waveguides 193 -- 4.3.4 Absorbers 195 -- 4.3.5 Modeling Horns Using Mode Matching 195 -- 4.3.6 Multimode Systems and Partially Coherent Propagation 199 -- 4.3.7 Modeling Techniques for THz Propagation in THz Systems 201 -- 4.4 High Frequency Electric Characterization of Materials 202 -- 4.4.1 Drude Model 203 -- 4.4.2 Lorentz-Drude Model 204 -- 4.4.3 Brendel-Bormann Model 205 -- 4.5 Propagation in Free Space 205 -- 4.5.1 Link Budget 205 -- 4.5.2 Atmospheric Attenuation 206 -- References 207 -- 5 Principles of THz Direct Detection 212 /Elliott R. Brown, and Daniel Segovia-Vargas -- 5.1 Detection Mechanisms 212 -- 5.1.1 E-Field Rectification 213 -- 5.1.2 Thermal Detection 215 -- 5.1.3 Plasma-Wave, HEMT, and MOS-Based Detection 220 -- 5.2 Noise Mechanisms 223 -- 5.2.1 Noise from Electronic Devices 223 -- 5.2.2 Phonon Noise 225 -- 5.2.3 Photon Noise with Direct Detection 227 -- 5.3 THz Coupling 230 -- 5.3.1 THz Impedance Matching 230 -- 5.3.2 Planar-Antenna Coupling 231 -- 5.3.3 Exemplary THz Coupling Structures 232 -- 5.3.4 Output-Circuit Coupling 235 -- 5.4 External Responsivity Examples 235. |
5.4.1 Rectifiers 235 -- 5.4.2 Micro-Bolometers 236 -- 5.5 System Metrics 239 -- 5.5.1 Signal-to-Noise Ratio 239 -- 5.5.2 Sensitivity Metrics 240 -- 5.6 Effect of Amplifier Noise 243 -- 5.7 A Survey of Experimental THz Detector Performance 244 -- 5.7.1 Rectifiers 246 -- 5.7.2 Thermal Detectors 247 -- 5.7.3 CMOS-Based and Plasma-Wave Detectors 249 -- References 250 -- 6 THz Electronics 254 /Michael Feiginov, Ramƒon Gonzalo, Itziar Maestrojuán, Oleg Cojocari, Matthias Hoefle, and Ernesto Limiti -- 6.1 Resonant-Tunneling Diodes 254 -- 6.1.1 Historic Introduction 254 -- 6.1.2 Operating Principles of RTDs 255 -- 6.1.3 Charge-Relaxation Processes in RTDs 256 -- 6.1.4 |
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High-Frequency RTD Conductance 259 -- 6.1.5 Operating Principles of RTD Oscillators 260 -- 6.1.6 Limitations of RTD Oscillators 261 -- 6.1.7 Overview of the State of the Art Results 264 -- 6.1.8 RTD Oscillators versus Other Types of THz Sources 265 -- 6.1.9 Future Perspectives 265 -- 6.2 Schottky Diode Mixers: Fundamental and Harmonic Approaches 265 -- 6.2.1 Sub-Harmonic Mixers 267 -- 6.2.2 Circuit Fabrication Technologies 270 -- 6.2.3 Characterization Technologies 272 -- 6.2.4 Advanced Configuration Approach 276 -- 6.2.5 Imaging Applications of Schottky Mixers 277 -- 6.3 Solid-State THz Low Noise Amplifiers 278 -- 6.3.1 Solid-State Active Devices and Technologies for Low Noise Amplification 280 -- 6.3.2 Circuit and Propagation Issues for TMIC 282 -- 6.3.3 Low Noise Amplifier Design and Realizations 284 -- 6.3.4 Perspectives 287 -- 6.4 Square-Law Detectors 288 -- 6.4.1 Characterization and Modeling of Low-Barrier Schottky Diodes 289 -- 6.4.2 Design of Millimeter-Wave Square-Law Detectors 291 -- 6.5 Fabrication Technologies 292 -- 6.5.1 Overview of Fabrication Approaches of Schottky Structures for Millimeter-Wave Applications 293 -- 6.5.2 Film-Diode Process 296 -- References 299 -- 7 Selected Photonic THz Technologies 304 /Cyril C. Renaud, Andreas StŠohr, Thorsten Goebel, Frédéric Van Dijk, and Guillermo Carpintero. |
7.1 Photonic Techniques for THz Emission and Detection 304 -- 7.1.1 Overall Photonic System 304 -- 7.1.2 Basic Components Description 306 -- 7.1.3 Systems Parameters, Pulsed versus CW 307 -- 7.2 Laser Sources for THz Generation 309 -- 7.2.1 Pulsed Laser Sources 309 -- 7.2.2 Continous Wave (CW) Sources 312 -- 7.2.3 Noise Reduction Techniques 314 -- 7.2.4 Photonic Integrated Laser Sources 315 -- 7.3 Photodiode for THz Emission 320 -- 7.3.1 PD Limitations and Key Parameters 320 -- 7.3.2 Traveling Wave UTC-PD Solution 322 -- 7.4 Photonically Enabled THz Detection 324 -- 7.4.1 Pulsed Terahertz Systems 325 -- 7.4.2 Optically Pumped Mixers 328 -- 7.5 Photonic Integration for THz Systems 331 -- 7.5.1 Hybrid or Monolithic Integrations 332 -- 7.5.2 Monolithic Integration of Subsystems 333 -- 7.5.3 Foundry Model for Integrated Systems 334 -- References 335 -- 8 Selected Emerging THz Technologies 340 /Christian Damm, Harald G. L. Schwefel, Florian Sedlmeir, Hans Hartnagel, Sascha Preu, and Christian Weickhmann -- 8.1 THz Resonators 340 -- 8.1.1 Principles of Resonators 341 -- 8.1.2 Introduction to WGM Resonators 343 -- 8.1.3 Evanescent Waveguide Coupling to WGMs 345 -- 8.1.4 Resonant Scattering in WGM Resonators 346 -- 8.1.5 Nonlinear Interactions in WGM 349 -- 8.2 Liquid Crystals 350 -- 8.2.1 Introduction 350 -- 8.2.2 Characterization 357 -- 8.2.3 Applications 365 -- 8.3 Graphene for THz Frequencies 367 -- 8.3.1 Theory and Material Properties 367 -- 8.3.2 Applications 373 -- References 377 -- Index 383. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Key advances in Semiconductor Terahertz (THz) Technology now promise important new applications enabling scientists and engineers to overcome the challenges of accessing the so-called “terahertz gap”. This pioneering reference explains the fundamental methods and surveys innovative techniques in the generation, detection, and processing of THz waves with solid-state devices, as well as illustrating their potential applications in security and telecommunications, among other fields. With contributions from leading experts, Semiconductor Terahertz Technology: Devices and Systems at Room Temperature Operation comprehensively and systematically covers semiconductor-based room-temperature operating sources such as photomixers, THz antennas, radiation concepts, and THz propagation, as well as room-temperature operating THz detectors. The second part of the book focuses on applications such as the latest photonic and electronic THz |
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systems, as well as emerging THz technologies including: whispering gallery resonators, liquid crystals, metamaterials, and graphene-based devices. This book will provide support for practicing researchers and professionals and will be an indispensable reference for graduate students in the field of THz technology. KEY FEATURES: * Includes crucial theoretical background sections to photomixers, photoconductive switches, and electronic THz generation and detection. * Provides an extensive overview of semiconductor-based THz sources and applications. * Discusses vital technologies for affordable THz applications. * Supports teaching and studying increasingly popular courses on semiconductor THz technology. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910973286003321 |
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Titolo |
Theatrum scientiarum . Band 2 Instrumente in kunst und wissenschaft : zur architektonik kultureller grenzen im 17. Jahrhundert / / herausgegeben von Helmar Schramm, Ludger Schwarte, Jan Lazardzig |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Berlin, : Walter de Gruyter, 2006 |
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ISBN |
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9786612194986 |
9781282194984 |
1282194984 |
9783110199949 |
3110199947 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (656 p.) |
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Collana |
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Theatrum Scientiarum ; ; Band 2 |
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Classificazione |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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SchrammHelmar |
SchwarteLudger |
LazardzigJan |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Social history |
Scientific apparatus and instruments - History - 17th century |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Front matter -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Schnittstellen. Instrumente und Objekte im experimentellen Kontext der Wissenschaften vom Leben -- Abbild und Zerrbild. Zur Konstruktion von Rationalität und Irrationalität in frühneuzeitlichen Darstellungsweisen -- Weltordnungen und Körperwelten. Das Tableau des Gewussten und seine Repräsentation bei Robert Fludd -- Teleskop, Theater und die instrumentelle Offenbarung neuer Welten -- Pathos der Funktion. Leonardos technische Zeichnungen -- "Il pennello artificioso". Zur Intelligenz der Pinselführung -- Die ,Katholisierung' der Projektionstechnologie im Zeitalter der Aufklärung. Theurgie und die medialen Ursprünge der Kunst -- Die Maschine als Spektakel. Funktion und Admiration im Maschinendenken des 17. Jahrhunderts -- Die Anatomie des Hirns als Instrumentalisierung der Vernunft -- Das "chymische Laboratorium". Zur Funktion des Experiments im Naturwissenschaftsdiskurs des 17. Jahrhunderts -- Die Ordnung des Wissens, der Instrumente und der Universität Leiden, ca. 1700 -- Das ideale Musaeum Kircherianum und die Exercitia spiritualia des Hl. Ignatius von Loyola -- Organologie. Die Kunde von den Musikinstrumenten im 17. Jahrhundert -- Am Klang den Harfen gleich. Frühe Beschreibungen afrikanischer Musikinstrumente -- Maschinen, Fledermäuse und Schriftgelehrte. Experimentalwissen im späten 18. und 19. Jahrhundert -- Wissenschaftliche Koordination als Ethos und Epistemologie -- Brechen, Schleifen, Brennen. Aspekte instrumenteller Bedingungen in den Bildern der frühen Mikroskopie -- Instrumentelle Bedingungen in Bildern der Rastertunnelmikroskopie -- Formale Zeichen und digitale Computation. Zwischen Intuitionismus und Formalismus. Kritik der computationellen Vernunft -- Die Kunst kommt der Wissenschaft zuvor. Oder: Provozierte die Camera obscura die Entwicklung der modernen Wissenschaften? -- Die Instrumentalität von Plätzen für Wissenschaft und Kunst -- Das Auge öffnet sich, die Lampe erlischt. Bemerkungen über Bergson und die Kinematographie -- Schein der Macht. Zur Geschichte des Zentralbankgeldes -- ,Leerstellen-Produktivität'. Über die mathematische Null und den zentralperspektivischen Fluchtpunkt. Ein Beitrag zu Konvergenzen zwischen Wissenschaft und Kunst in der Frühen Neuzeit -- Instrumenteller Klang und herrscherliche Hallräume in der Frühen Neuzeit. Zur akustischen Setzung fürstlicher potestas-Ansprüche in zeremoniellem Rahmen -- Back matter |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Dieser Band versammelt originäre Beiträge am Schnittpunkt von Philosophie, Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Kultur- und Theaterwissenschaft. Auf der Grundlage von Falluntersuchungen zum 17. Jahrhundert trägt er zum Verständnis der Rolle bei, die Instrumente im Schnittfeld von Wissenschaft und Kunst spielen. Die Beiträge verfolgen dabei die Hypothese, dass die Entwicklung und Gestaltung von Instrumenten wesentlich zur Eröffnung neuer Felder des Wissens, zur Entstehung neuer kultureller Praktiken, aber auch zur Abgrenzung bestimmter Genres, Methoden und Disziplinen beiträgt. Diese Perspektive führt die Beiträge dieses Bandes dazu, auf neue Weise das, was ein Instrument überhaupt ausmacht, zu durchdenken und eine Reihe von Grundfragen zur Bestimmung des Instrumentes zu erarbeiten: Welche Handlungen verkörpert das Instrument? Welche Handlungen werden durch das Instrument ermöglicht? Wann werden Untersuchungsobjekte ihrerseits Instrumente? Welche Fähigkeiten setzt der Instrumentengebrauch voraus, welche produziert er? Durch die Kombination neuer theoretischer Modelle und historischer Fallstudien, durch den detailgenauen Nachweis des gegenseitigen Einflusses von Kunst und Wissenschaft am Schnittpunkt des Instrumentes betritt dieser Band Neuland. Er ist von großem Wert für alle, die sich für die |
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Vorgeschichte unsere instrumentengeleiteten Wahrnehmung interessieren. Zu den Autoren des Bandes zählen neben den Herausgebern Jörg Jochen Berns, Olaf Breidbach, Georges Didi-Huberman, Peter Galison, Sybille Krämer, Dieter Mersch, Hans-Jörg Rheinberger, Wilhelm Schmidt-Biggemann und Otto Sibum. |
This volume presents a collection of original papers at the intersection of philosophy, the history of science, cultural and theatrical studies. Based on a series of case studies on the 17th century, it contributes to an understanding of the role played by instruments at the interface of science and art. The papers pursue the hypothesis that the development and construction of instruments make a substantive contribution to the opening up of new fields of knowledge, to the development of new cultural practices, but also to the delineation of particular genres, methods and disciplines. This perspective leads the authors of the papers to reflect anew on what it is that actually defines an instrument and to develop a series of basic questions to determine what an instrument is - which actions does the instrument incorporate? - which actions does the instrument make possible? - when do the objects of examination themselves become instruments? - what skills are required to use an instrument, which skills does it produce? With its combination of new theoretical models and historical case studies, its detailed demonstration of the mutual influence of art and science with the instrument as the point of intersection, this volume enters new territory. It is of great value for all those interested in the history of our perception of instruments. Besides the editors, the authors of the papers are: Jörg Jochen Berns, Olaf Breidbach, Georges Didi-Huberman, Peter Galison, Sybille Krämer, Dieter Mersch, Hans-Jörg Rheinberger, Wilhelm Schmidt-Biggemann, and Otto Sibum. |
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