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Meta-Analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials; Statistics in Practice; Contents; Preface; 1 Introduction; 1.1 The role of meta-analysis; 1.2 Retrospective and prospective meta-analyses; 1.3 Fixed effects versus random effects; 1.4 Individual patient data versus summary statistics; 1.5 Multicentre trials and meta-analysis; 1.6 The structure of this book; 2 Protocol development; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Background; 2.3 Objectives; 2.4 Outcome measures and baseline information; 2.5 Sources of data; 2.6 Study selection; 2.7 Data extraction; 2.8 Statistical analysis; 2.8.1 Analysis population |
2.8.2 Missing data at the subject level 2.8.3 Analysis of individual trials; 2.8.4 Meta-analysis model; 2.8.5 Estimation and hypothesis testing; 2.8.6 Testing for heterogeneity; 2.8.7 Exploration of heterogeneity; 2.9 Sensitivity analyses; 2.10 Presentation of results; 3 Estimating the treatment difference in an individual trial; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Binary data; 3.2.1 Example: Stroke in hypertensive patients; 3.2.2 Measurement of treatment difference; 3.3 Survival data; 3.3.1 Example: Mortality following myocardial infarction; 3.3.2 Measurement of treatment difference |
3.4 Interval-censored survival data 3.4.1 Example: Ulcer recurrence; 3.4.2 Measurement of treatment difference; 3.5 Ordinal data; 3.5.1 Example: Global impression of change in Alzheimer's disease; 3.5.2 Measurement of treatment difference; 3.6 Normally distributed data; 3.6.1 Example: Recovery time after anaesthesia; 3.6.2 Measurement of treatment difference; 4 Combining estimates of a treatment difference across trials; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 A general fixed effects parametric approach; 4.2.1 A fixed effects meta-analysis model |
4.2.2 Estimation and hypothesis testing of the treatment difference 4.2.3 Testing for heterogeneity across studies; 4.2.4 Obtaining the statistics via weighted least-squares regression; 4.2.5 Example: Stroke in hypertensive patients; 4.2.6 Example: Mortality following myocardial infarction; 4.2.7 Example: Ulcer recurrence; 4.2.8 Example: Global impression of change in Alzheimer's disease; 4.2.9 Example: Recovery time after anaesthesia; 4.3 A general random effects parametric approach; 4.3.1 A random effects meta-analysis model |
4.3.2 Estimation and hypothesis testing of the treatment difference 4.3.3 Estimation of t(2) using the method of moments; 4.3.4 Obtaining the statistics via weighted least-squares regression; 4.3.5 Example: Mortality following myocardial infarction; 4.3.6 Example: Global impression of change in Alzheimer's disease; 4.3.7 Example: Recovery time after anaesthesia; 4.3.8 A likelihood approach to the estimation of t(2); 4.3.9 Allowing for the estimation of t(2); 5 Meta-analysis using individual patient data; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Fixed effects models for normally distributed data |
5.2.1 A fixed effects meta-analysis model |