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Record Nr. |
UNICAMPANIAVAN0260829 |
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Autore |
Klingenberg, Wilhelm P. A. |
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Titolo |
Lectures on Closed Geodesics / Wilhelm Klingenberg |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Descrizione fisica |
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Soggetti |
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58-XX - Global analysis, analysis on manifolds [MSC 2020] |
53-XX - Differential geometry [MSC 2020] |
58E05 - Abstract critical point theory (Morse theory, Lyusternik-Shnirel'man theory, etc.) in infinite-dimensional spaces [MSC 2020] |
53D25 - Geodesic flows in symplectic geometry and contact geometry [MSC 2020] |
37D40 - Dynamical systems of geometric origin and hyperbolicity (geodesic and horocycle flows, etc.) [MSC 2020] |
58B20 - Riemannian, Finsler and other geometric structures on infinite-dimensional manifolds [MSC 2020] |
53C22 - Geodesics in global differential geometry [MSC 2020] |
58E10 - Variational problems in applications to the theory of geodesics (problems in one independent variable) [MSC 2020] |
55P47 - Infinite loop spaces [MSC 2020] |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910966176103321 |
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Autore |
Muente-Kunigami Arturo |
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Titolo |
Options to increase access to telecommunications services in rural and low-income areas / / Arturo Muente-Kunigami, Juan Navas-Sabater |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Washington, D.C. : , : World Bank, , c2010 |
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ISBN |
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9786612422171 |
9781282422179 |
1282422170 |
9780821381434 |
0821381431 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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viii, 44 pages : illustrations ; ; 26 cm |
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Collana |
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World Bank working paper, , 1726-5878 ; ; no. 178 |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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Navas-SabaterJuan <1968-> |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Telecommunication policy |
Rural telecommunication |
Poor |
Telecommunication systems |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Contents; Abstract; Acknowledgments; Foreword; Acronyms and Abbreviations; 1. Introduction; 2. First Things First: Allow Markets to Work Well; Figure 2.1. Level of Competition in Mobile Markets and Mobile Penetration, 2007; Table 2.1. Emerging Trends in Telecommunications Regulation; 3. An Ever-Changing Industry: Changes and Trends in Rural Telecommunications since the Early 1990's; Figure 3.1. Growth of Mobile Subscribers Globally; Box 3.1. Enabling Rural Areas with Broadband Coverage; Box 3.2. The Fiber Optic National Network in Kenya; 4. Rationale for Universal Access Policy Instruments |
Table 4.1. Universal Access Instruments Table 4.2. Financial Support Mechanisms; 5. Assessing the Suitability of the Instruments; Table 5.1. Evaluation Criteria; Assessment Box 1. Asymmetric Interconnection; Box 5.1. Sharing the Risks to Increase Access in Tanzania; Assessment Box 2. Facilities Sharing and Open Access; Figure 3. Mobile Tariffs for Selected Operators (US per minute); Assessment Box 3. Flexible Use of |
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Spectrum; Assessment Box 4. Licensing Local Operators; Table 5.2. Taxes on Mobile Services in African Countries; Assessment Box 5. Taxes and Import Duties |
Table 5.3. Outcomes of Minimum Subsidy Auctions for New Public Rural Telephones Assessment Box 6. Reverse Auctions and OBA; Box 5.2. Financing for Small Local Operations; Assessment Box 7. Introduction of Bottom-Up Projects; Box 5.3. Government Demand Increases Broadband Coverage in Korea; Assessment Box 8. Institutional Demand Stimulation; Assessment Box 9. Licensing Obligations; Assessment Box 10. End-User Subsidies; Assessment Box 11. Access Deficit Charges; Table 5.4. Assessment of Mechanisms; 6. Implementation Arrangements; 7. Conclusion; Figure A.1. Market Gap and Access Gap Model |
Appendix. The "Gaps" ModelReferences |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Telecommunications sector policy-makers and regulators have a wide range of instruments available to them that can be used to increase access to telecommunications services in rural and low-income areas. The paper provides a review of these instruments, evaluating them against a set of criteria. It then goes on to identify a number of them that are worthy of further consideration by policy-makers and regulators while demonstrating that the effectiveness of the identified instruments can be greatly enhanced by the establishment of a conducive legal, regulatory and institutional framework. |
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